{"id":4992,"date":"2025-09-09T16:37:58","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T09:37:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/?p=4992"},"modified":"2025-12-24T11:03:52","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T04:03:52","slug":"syphilis-overview","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/","title":{"rendered":"Syphilis Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Syphilis is one of the most common and serious <a href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/stis-hieu-biet-va-phong-ngua-cac-benh-truyen-nhiem-qua-duong-tinh-duc\/\">Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)<\/a>, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, the disease can progress through multiple stages, causing permanent damage and threatening life.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung trang<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/#1_What_is_Syphilis\" >1. What is Syphilis??<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/#2_Transmission_Routes\" >2. Transmission Routes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/#3_Signs_and_Symptoms_589\" >3. Signs and Symptoms [5,8,9]<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/#31_Primary_Syphilis_Stage_I\" >3.1. Primary Syphilis (Stage I):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/#32_Secondary_Syphilis_or_Stage_II_Syphilis\" >3.2. Secondary Syphilis or Stage II Syphilis:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/#33_Latent_Syphilis_Giang_mai_tiem_an\" >3.3. Latent Syphilis (Giang mai ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/#34_Tertiary_Syphilis_Giang_mai_giai_doan_III\" >3.4. Tertiary Syphilis (Giang mai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n III):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/#35_Congenital_Syphilis\" >3.5. Congenital Syphilis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/#4_Risk_Factors_5_9_Factors_that_increase_the_risk_of_contracting_syphilis_include\" >4. Risk Factors [5, 9]\u00a0Factors that increase the risk of contracting syphilis include:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/#5_Complications_5_8_9_If_not_diagnosed_and_treated_promptly_syphilis_can_cause_serious_and_permanent_complications_affecting_many_organ_systems_in_the_body\" >5. Complications [5, 8, 9]\u00a0If not diagnosed and treated promptly, syphilis can cause serious and permanent complications, affecting many organ systems in the body:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/#6_Diagnosis_6_7_8\" >6. Diagnosis [6, 7, 8]\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/#7_Treatment_7_8_9\" >7. Treatment [7, 8, 9]\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/#8_Post-Treatment_Follow-up_7_8_9\" >8. Post-Treatment Follow-up [7, 8, 9]\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/syphilis-overview\/#9_Prevention\" >9. Prevention\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_Syphilis\"><\/span><b>1. What is Syphilis??<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"1\">Syphilis is an infection caused by the spirochete bacterium\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"2\">Treponema pallidum<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"3\">. The disease can be transmitted through sexual contact (vaginal, anal, oral) or from mother to child during pregnancy. Syphilis is known for its different stages of progression, each with characteristic symptoms, and it can be asymptomatic for a long period (latent stage). Syphilis remains a global public health concern, with a significant increase in the number of cases in recent years in many regions.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"4\">According to the World Health Organization (WHO):<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"5\">An estimated 8 million new syphilis infections were reported globally in adults aged 15\u201349 years in 2022. [1]<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"6\">According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)[2]:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"7\">According to reports in the United States, the number of\u00a0<\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"8\">syphilis<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"9\">\u00a0cases (all stages and congenital syphilis) in 2023 increased to nearly 300,000, the highest number recorded since 1950.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"10\">In 2023, nearly 4,000 cases of\u00a0<\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"11\">congenital syphilis<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"12\">\u00a0were reported, including\u00a0<\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"13\">279 stillbirths and infant\/neonatal deaths<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"14\">\u00a0related to congenital syphilis. This is the largest number of congenital syphilis cases in more than a decade since 1992.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"15\">The highest rate of syphilis infection is in men who have sex with men (MSM), accounting for one-third (32.7%) of all syphilis cases in 2023.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"16\">In Vietnam:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"17\">According to annual statistics from the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, syphilis accounts for about 2\u20135% of the total number of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) [3].<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"18\">The number of syphilis cases in specialized dermatology hospitals has tended to increase sharply in recent years. At Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, nearly 7,000 cases sought examination and treatment in the first 9 months of 2022. [4]<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"19\">Also at Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, statistics show that the rate of syphilis in males accounts for up to 84.6%, of which an estimated over 30% are among the MSM population. [4]<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Transmission_Routes\"><\/span><b>2. Transmission Routes<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Syphilis spreads mainly through direct contact with a syphilis sore (chancre), mucous membrane patches, or rashes.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sexual Contact:<\/strong> The spirochete enters through micro-abrasions or mucous membranes during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mother to Child (Congenital Syphilis):<\/strong> A pregnant woman can pass the bacteria to the fetus via the placenta, causing severe infection.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Blood:<\/strong> Transmission via blood transfusion or sharing needles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Direct Contact:<\/strong> Touching open sores containing the bacteria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Myth Buster: You cannot get syphilis from casual contact such as hugging, kissing on the cheek, sharing toilets, bathtubs, clothing, or eating utensils. [5]<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4048 size-large aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Con-duong-lay-truyen-cua-giang-mai-e1757409527993-1024x770.png\" alt=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a giang mai\" width=\"1024\" height=\"770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Con-duong-lay-truyen-cua-giang-mai-e1757409527993-1024x770.png 1024w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Con-duong-lay-truyen-cua-giang-mai-e1757409527993-300x226.png 300w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Con-duong-lay-truyen-cua-giang-mai-e1757409527993-768x578.png 768w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Con-duong-lay-truyen-cua-giang-mai-e1757409527993-1536x1155.png 1536w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Con-duong-lay-truyen-cua-giang-mai-e1757409527993-600x451.png 600w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Con-duong-lay-truyen-cua-giang-mai-e1757409527993.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Signs_and_Symptoms_589\"><\/span><b>3. Signs and Symptoms [<\/b><b>5,8,9]<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Many people have syphilis without noticing any symptoms. The disease has four stages<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.nhathuoclongchau.com.vn\/unsafe\/800x0\/filters:quality(95)\/https:\/\/cms-prod.s3-sgn09.fptcloud.com\/trieu_chung_benh_giang_mai_o_nam_gioi_qua_tung_giai_doan_1_2eb8239b2a.jpg\" alt=\"Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh giang mai \u1edf nam gi\u1edbi qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_Primary_Syphilis_Stage_I\"><\/span><b>3.1. Primary Syphilis (Stage I):<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"1\">One or more\u00a0<\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"2\">syphilitic chancres<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"3\">\u00a0are usually present: these are small, shallow, round or oval, painless, firm erosive ulcers, typically appearing at the site where the spirochete entered (penis, vagina, anus, rectum, lips, or in the mouth).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"4\">The chancre usually appears about 3 weeks after infection (ranging from 9 to 90 days) and may resolve within 3-10 weeks, whether treated or not. The patient may not notice the chancre appearing or may not notice it disappearing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"5\">Lymph Nodes:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"6\">\u00a05-6 days after the chancre appears, the inguinal lymph nodes may swell significantly or form a cluster.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"7\">If not diagnosed and treated during this period, 4-8 weeks after the initial lesion appears, the disease will progress to Secondary Syphilis.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_Secondary_Syphilis_or_Stage_II_Syphilis\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"1\">3.2. Secondary Syphilis or Stage II Syphilis:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"2\">Time of Appearance:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"3\">\u00a0Usually begins a few weeks to several months after the Stage I syphilitic chancre is healing or has healed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"4\">Symptoms:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"5\">Rash:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"6\">\u00a0Often appears symmetrically on the palms and soles, but can also be anywhere on the body. The rash is typically non-itchy, may look rough, and can be red or reddish-brown.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"7\">Mucous Membrane Lesions:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"8\">\u00a0White or grey patches, raised or flat, with a rough or smooth, moist surface, often called Condyloma Lata, may appear on the anus, vulva, groin, inner thighs, armpits, under the breasts, and sometimes in the mouth or other skin folds. These lesions are usually painless but can be itchy or uncomfortable and contain a high concentration of\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"9\">Treponema pallidum<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"10\">\u00a0(syphilis spirochetes), making them highly infectious.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"11\">Other Symptoms:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"12\">\u00a0Non-specific, may resemble the flu, such as low-grade fever, fatigue, sore throat, muscle aches, joint pain, headache, and swollen lymph nodes. Patchy hair loss (alopecia) may also occur.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"13\">Secondary Syphilis symptoms can also disappear on their own without treatment, but the disease will continue to progress to the latent stage. Patients in Stage II have a high risk of transmitting the disease to others.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"33_Latent_Syphilis_Giang_mai_tiem_an\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"14\">3.3. Latent Syphilis (Giang mai ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"15\">Time:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"16\">\u00a0This stage begins when the symptoms of primary and secondary syphilis disappear, and during this time, the disease usually has no obvious signs or symptoms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"17\">Divided into 2 stages:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"18\">Early Latent Syphilis:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"19\">\u00a0Infection occurred within the past two years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"20\">Late Latent Syphilis:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"21\">\u00a0Infection occurred more than two years ago, or in patients who are unsure of the time of infection.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"22\">Since this stage often has no clear signs or symptoms, the diagnosis is based on positive serological tests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"23\">Despite the absence of symptoms, the spirochetes remain in the body and can cause internal organ damage or be transmitted.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"34_Tertiary_Syphilis_Giang_mai_giai_doan_III\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"24\">3.4. Tertiary Syphilis (Giang mai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n III):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"25\">Time of Appearance:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"26\">\u00a0Can appear 10\u201330 years after the initial infection if left untreated.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"27\">Symptoms:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"28\">\u00a0Most people with untreated syphilis will not develop Tertiary Syphilis. Only about 25% progress to Stage III, causing severe damage to any organ in the body, including:<\/span>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"29\">Neurosyphilis (Giang mai th\u1ea7n kinh):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"30\">\u00a0Affects the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"31\">May cause severe headache, muscle weakness, or difficulty with muscle movement. Changes in mental status (difficulty concentrating, confusion, or personality changes), dementia (problems with memory, thinking, and\/or making decisions).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"32\">Ocular Syphilis (Giang mai m\u1eaft):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"33\">\u00a0Eye pain and\/or redness, changes in vision, or even blindness.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"34\">Otosyphilis (Giang mai tai):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"35\">\u00a0Hearing loss, hearing ringing, buzzing, roaring, or hissing sounds in the ears (tinnitus). Dizziness or loss of balance (feeling as though you or your surroundings are moving or spinning).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"36\">Cardiovascular Syphilis (Giang mai tim m\u1ea1ch):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"37\">\u00a0Affects the heart and major blood vessels (such as the aorta), causing aortic aneurysm, aortitis, aortic valve insufficiency, and coronary artery stenosis, leading to heart failure. Some cases may cause myocarditis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"38\">Gummas (G\u00f4m giang mai):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"39\">\u00a0The characteristic lesions of Tertiary Syphilis. Gummas are firm lesions in the hypodermis that progress through 4 stages: initially, they are subcutaneous nodules, which gradually enlarge, soften, rupture to discharge a sticky, rubber-like fluid, forming an ulcer; the ulcer gradually heals and turns into a scar. Gummas can be numerous or few and can be localized anywhere. Common sites include the face, scalp, buttocks, thighs, outer upper leg&#8230; On mucous membranes, common sites are the mouth, lips, palate, tongue, nose, pharynx&#8230;, and gummas may also occur in the bones or brain.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"35_Congenital_Syphilis\"><\/span><b>3.5. Congenital Syphilis<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"2\">Occurs when the spirochete is transmitted from the mother to the child during pregnancy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"3\">Symptoms in Newborns:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"4\">\u00a0May be asymptomatic at birth but develop later. Early symptoms include rash, runny nose, enlarged liver and spleen, jaundice, and anemia. Late symptoms (if untreated) may include bone and tooth deformities, deafness, blindness, and intellectual disability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"5\">Congenital syphilis can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, or neonatal death.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Risk_Factors_5_9_Factors_that_increase_the_risk_of_contracting_syphilis_include\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"1\">4. Risk Factors [5, 9]<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"2\">\u00a0Factors that increase the risk of contracting syphilis include:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"3\">Unsafe Sexual Practices:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"4\">\u00a0Not using a condom or using one incorrectly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"5\">Having Multiple or New Sexual Partners:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"6\">\u00a0Increases the potential for exposure to an infected person.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"7\">History of Other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"8\">\u00a0Sores caused by other STIs (like herpes) can provide an entry point for the spirochete.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"9\">Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"10\">\u00a0This group has a higher rate of syphilis infection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"11\">Illicit Drug Use:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"12\">\u00a0Especially injected drugs, which can be linked to unsafe sexual behavior.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"13\">Pregnant Women Not Screened and Treated:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"14\">\u00a0Increases the risk of congenital syphilis transmission.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Complications_5_8_9_If_not_diagnosed_and_treated_promptly_syphilis_can_cause_serious_and_permanent_complications_affecting_many_organ_systems_in_the_body\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"15\">5. Complications [5, 8, 9]<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"16\">\u00a0If not diagnosed and treated promptly, syphilis can cause serious and permanent complications, affecting many organ systems in the body:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"17\">Nervous System Damage (Neurosyphilis):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"18\">\u00a0Can lead to paralysis, blindness, deafness, dementia, loss of sensation, and loss of balance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"19\">Cardiovascular Damage (Cardiovascular Syphilis):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"20\">\u00a0Causes aortic aneurysm, heart failure, and heart valve problems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"21\">Bone and Joint Damage:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"22\">\u00a0Causes pain, swelling, and deformity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"23\">Skin and Visceral Organ Damage:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"24\">\u00a0Gummas can appear on the skin and internal organs, causing tissue destruction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"25\">Increased Risk of HIV Infection:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"26\">\u00a0Syphilis sores (chancres) increase the risk of contracting or transmitting HIV.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"27\">Pregnancy and Newborn Complications:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"28\">\u00a0For pregnant women, syphilis can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, neonatal death, or congenital syphilis in the child with severe, long-term effects.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Diagnosis_6_7_8\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"29\">6. Diagnosis [6, 7, 8]<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"30\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"30\">Syphilis diagnosis is often based on a combination of medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory tests.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"31\">Serological Tests (Blood):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"32\">\u00a0This is the most common diagnostic method. There are two main types of tests:<\/span>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"33\">Nontreponemal Tests (X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"34\">\u00a0Detect non-specific antibodies, commonly used for screening and monitoring treatment effectiveness. These include RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) and VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory). A positive result needs to be confirmed by a treponemal-specific test.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"35\">Treponemal Tests:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"36\">\u00a0Detect specific antibodies against the\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"37\">Treponema pallidum<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"38\">\u00a0spirochete, used to confirm a syphilis diagnosis. These include TP-PA (Treponema Pallidum Particle Agglutination), FTA-ABS (Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption), and EIA (Enzyme Immunoassay).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"39\">Darkfield Microscopy:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"40\">\u00a0Used to directly find the\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"41\">Treponema pallidum<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"42\">\u00a0spirochete from secretions of a syphilitic chancre or other lesions. This method is rapid but requires active lesions and specialized equipment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"43\">Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs \u2013 nucleic acid amplification tests):<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"44\">Directly test for\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"45\">T. pallidum<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"46\">\u00a0DNA using a nucleic acid amplification reaction (also known as gene amplification testing, including PCR testing). Specimen: secretion from a skin lesion, tissue, or body fluid. The cost is higher than other syphilis diagnostic tests; it requires specialized testing equipment and trained laboratory personnel to perform PCR.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"47\">Cerebrospinal Fluid Test:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"48\">\u00a0Performed to diagnose neurosyphilis.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Treatment_7_8_9\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"49\">7. Treatment [7, 8, 9]<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"50\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"50\">Syphilis can be completely cured with antibiotics, especially penicillin. The treatment regimen depends on the stage of the disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"51\">Penicillin G Benzathine:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"52\">\u00a0This is the drug of choice for all stages of syphilis.<\/span>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"53\">Primary, Secondary, and Early Latent Syphilis:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"54\">\u00a0A single intramuscular dose of 2.4 million units of Penicillin G Benzathine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"55\">Late Latent Syphilis or Unknown Duration:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"56\">\u00a0Three intramuscular doses of 2.4 million units of Penicillin G Benzathine, administered one week apart (a total of 7.2 million units).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"57\">Neurosyphilis, Cardiovascular Syphilis, or Ocular\/Otic Syphilis:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"58\">\u00a0Requires a higher-dose and longer course of intravenous Penicillin G (usually 10\u201314 days).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"59\">For Patients Allergic to Penicillin:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"60\">\u00a0Doxycycline or tetracycline may be used. However, these drugs are not recommended for pregnant women. For neurosyphilis in patients allergic to penicillin, desensitization to penicillin is required, followed by penicillin treatment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"61\">Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"62\">\u00a0Some patients may experience this reaction after the first dose of antibiotics, with symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and rash. This is a temporary reaction and usually resolves on its own.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"63\">Partner Treatment:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"64\">\u00a0All sexual partners within 3 months to 1 year (depending on the diagnosed patient&#8217;s disease stage) also need to be tested and treated.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Post-Treatment_Follow-up_7_8_9\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"65\">8. Post-Treatment Follow-up [7, 8, 9]<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"66\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"66\">Post-treatment follow-up is very important to ensure the disease has been completely cured and to detect early cases of reinfection or treatment failure.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"67\">Periodic Serological Testing:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"68\">Patients need to be retested with a nontreponemal test (RPR or VDRL) at 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment (for Primary, Secondary, and Early Latent Syphilis).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"69\">For Late Latent Syphilis, retesting is needed at 6, 12, 24 months, and may be extended.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"70\">For Neurosyphilis, cerebrospinal fluid should be retested after 6 months.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"71\">The goal is to see a decrease in the non-specific antibody titer (a four-fold reduction or greater) after treatment. If the antibody titer does not decrease or increases, it may be a sign of treatment failure, and re-treatment is needed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"72\">Counseling and Education:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"73\">Patients need to be counseled on the importance of informing and treating their sexual partners.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"74\">Education on STI prevention measures, including correct and consistent condom use.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"75\">Encouragement to be tested for other STIs if at risk.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"76\">Abstinence from Sexual Activity:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"77\">\u00a0Patients should avoid all sexual activity until they have completed treatment and are confirmed safe by a doctor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Prevention\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"78\">9. Prevention<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"79\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"79\">Syphilis prevention is key to controlling the spread of the disease and protecting individual health. Effective prevention measures include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"80\">Practicing Safe Sex:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"81\">Correct and Consistent Condom Use:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"82\">\u00a0This is the most effective measure to prevent the transmission of syphilis and other STIs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"83\">Limiting the Number of Sexual Partners and Avoiding Sex with New Partners of Unknown History:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"84\">\u00a0Reducing the number of partners lowers the risk of exposure to an infected person.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"85\">Avoiding Sexual Activity when Syphilis Sores or Rashes are Suspected.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"86\">Timely Screening and Treatment:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"87\">Regular STI Testing:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"88\">\u00a0If you have multiple partners or are at high risk, get tested for STIs regularly, including syphilis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"89\">Syphilis Screening for Pregnant Women:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"90\">\u00a0This is an extremely important measure to prevent congenital syphilis. Pregnant women should be tested for syphilis at their first prenatal visit and may be retested later in the pregnancy if they are at high risk.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"91\">Immediate Treatment:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"92\">\u00a0If you or your partner are diagnosed with syphilis, seek immediate treatment and adhere to the doctor&#8217;s regimen.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"93\">Education and Awareness:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"94\">Open Discussion with Partners:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"95\">\u00a0Discuss STI history and testing before sexual activity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"96\">Raising Awareness of Sexual Health:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"97\">\u00a0Understanding STIs and how to prevent them is crucial.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"98\">Avoiding Shared Needles:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"99\">\u00a0For people who inject drugs, do not share needles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article is written by <a href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/doi-ngu\/bac-si-vo-nguyen-duy-hoa\/\"><strong>BS. CKI. V\u00f5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Ho\u00e0<\/strong>,<\/a> to provide fundamental knowledge about Hepatitis B, its transmission methods, recognizable signs, the importance of early diagnostic testing and treatment, as well as effective prevention. It helps you understand correctly to proactively protect your health and the community.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><em><b>Reference<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><i><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[1]. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><i><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[2]. National Overview of STIs in 2023<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/sti-statistics\/annual\/summary.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/sti-statistics\/annual\/summary.html<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><i><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[3]. Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh giang mai (Syphilis)<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/benhviendalieuhanoi.com\/benh-giang-mai-syphilis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> https:\/\/benhviendalieuhanoi.com\/benh-giang-mai-syphilis\/<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><i><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[4]. B\u1ec6NH GIANG MAI T\u0102NG: D\u1ec4 D\u00c3I TRONG QUAN H\u1ec6 T\u00ccNH D\u1ee4C, NGUY C\u01a0 M\u1eaeC B\u1ec6NH CAO<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/bvdl.org.vn\/cong-dong\/d-9119.5.2105\/hoat-dong\/benh-lay-truyen-qua-duong-tinh-duc\/benh-giang-mai-tang-de-dai-trong-quan-he-tinh-duc-nguy-co-mac-benh-cao.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/bvdl.org.vn\/cong-dong\/d-9119.5.2105\/hoat-dong\/benh-lay-truyen-qua-duong-tinh-duc\/benh-giang-mai-tang-de-dai-trong-quan-he-tinh-duc-nguy-co-mac-benh-cao.html<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><i><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[5]. About Syphilis<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/syphilis\/about\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/syphilis\/about\/index.html<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><i><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[6]. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment-guidelines\/STI-Guidelines-2021.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment-guidelines\/STI-Guidelines-2021.pdf<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><i><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[7]. WHO GUIDELINES FOR THE Treatment of Treponema pallidum (syphilis)<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/249572\/9789241549806-eng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/249572\/9789241549806-eng.pdf<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><i><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[8]. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 5186\/Q\u0110-BYT 2021 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh Giang mai<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/van-ban\/The-thao-Y-te\/Quyet-dinh-5186-QD-BYT-2021-chan-doan-va-dieu-tri-benh-Giang-mai-493851.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/van-ban\/The-thao-Y-te\/Quyet-dinh-5186-QD-BYT-2021-chan-doan-va-dieu-tri-benh-Giang-mai-493851.aspx<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><i><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[9]. Syphilis<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/syphilis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/syphilis<\/a><\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Syphilis is one of the most common and serious Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, the disease can progress through multiple stages, causing permanent damage and threatening life. 1. What is Syphilis?? Syphilis is an infection caused by the spirochete bacterium\u00a0Treponema pallidum. The disease can [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":4053,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[139],"tags":[181,179],"class_list":["post-4992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-bulletin","tag-syphilis","tag-sti"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4992"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4992\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4995,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4992\/revisions\/4995"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4053"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}