{"id":4994,"date":"2025-09-12T23:22:11","date_gmt":"2025-09-12T16:22:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/?p=4994"},"modified":"2025-12-24T11:07:07","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T04:07:07","slug":"urinary-tract-infection-uti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/urinary-tract-infection-uti\/","title":{"rendered":"Urinary Tract Infection-UTI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"2\">Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"3\">, also known as urinary tract infection or urinary infection, is one of the most common infections globally, affecting millions each year worldwide, with a significant financial burden on society. The disease occurs when bacteria invade any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Although usually treatable, if not diagnosed and handled promptly, a urinary tract infection can lead to serious complications and even death. The rate of antibiotic resistance is becoming an increasingly worrying issue.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung trang<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/urinary-tract-infection-uti\/#1_What_is_a_Urinary_Tract_Infection_UTI\" >1. What is a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/urinary-tract-infection-uti\/#2_Epidemiology_of_Urinary_Tract_Infection\" >2. Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infection<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/urinary-tract-infection-uti\/#3_Symptoms_of_Urinary_Tract_Infection\" >3. Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/urinary-tract-infection-uti\/#31_Lower_Urinary_Tract_Symptoms\" >3.1. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/urinary-tract-infection-uti\/#32_Upper_Urinary_Tract_Symptoms\" >3.2. Upper Urinary Tract Symptoms:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/urinary-tract-infection-uti\/#33_Symptoms_in_Children\" >3.3. Symptoms in Children:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/urinary-tract-infection-uti\/#34_Symptoms_by_Location_in_the_Urinary_System\" >3.4. Symptoms by Location in the Urinary System:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/urinary-tract-infection-uti\/#4_Risk_Factors\" >4. Risk Factors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/urinary-tract-infection-uti\/#5_Complications\" >5. Complications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/urinary-tract-infection-uti\/#6_Diagnosis\" >6. Diagnosis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/urinary-tract-infection-uti\/#7_Treatment\" >7. Treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/urinary-tract-infection-uti\/#8_Follow-up_After_Treatment\" >8. Follow-up After Treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/urinary-tract-infection-uti\/#9_Prevention\" >9. Prevention<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_a_Urinary_Tract_Infection_UTI\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"4\">1. What is a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"5\">A Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an infection usually caused by bacteria invading any part of the urinary system. It can also be caused by other agents such as fungi, flagellates, or viruses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"6\">Structure of the Urinary System:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"7\">Kidneys:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"8\">\u00a0Filter blood and produce urine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"9\">Ureters:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"10\">\u00a0Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"11\">Bladder:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"12\">\u00a0A sac that stores urine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"13\">Urethra:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"14\">\u00a0A tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"15\">A urinary tract infection can cause:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"16\">Urethritis:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"17\">\u00a0Infection of the urethra.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"18\">Cystitis:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"19\">\u00a0Infection of the bladder. This is the most common form of UTI, especially in women.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"20\">Pyelonephritis:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"21\">\u00a0Infection of the kidneys. This is a less common but more serious form of UTI that can cause permanent kidney damage if not treated.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Epidemiology_of_Urinary_Tract_Infection\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"22\">2. Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infection<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"23\">UTI is a significant public health issue globally and in Vietnam, with a high incidence rate across all ages, especially in women. According to Global Health (2021), approximately\u00a0<\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"24\">93.7%<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"25\">\u00a0of people are at risk of developing a UTI in their lifetime, with women being more affected than men (96.05% compared to 77.27%). Up to 50% of women contract the disease at least once in their lives, and 30% of women under 24 have UTI symptoms requiring antibiotic treatment. [1] Annually, there are about\u00a0<\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"26\">404 million new<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"27\">\u00a0UTI cases and nearly\u00a0<\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"28\">237,000 related deaths<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"29\">\u00a0globally. [2].<\/span><\/p>\n<ol class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"30\">E. coli<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"31\">\u00a0causes about 80-90% of community-acquired UTI cases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"32\">Route of transmission and pathogenesis:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"33\">UTI is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI), but primarily occurs when bacteria from the skin or digestive tract (especially\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"34\">E. coli<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"35\">) enter the urinary tract through the urethra.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"36\">Main Mechanism:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"37\">\u00a0Bacteria from the anal area or surrounding skin enter the urethra, then travel upstream to the bladder and potentially up to the kidneys.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"38\">In Women:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"39\">\u00a0The shorter urethra and its proximity to the anus are key anatomical factors that make women more susceptible to UTIs than men.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"40\">Sexual Intercourse:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"41\">\u00a0Although not an STI, sexual intercourse can push bacteria from the anal or vaginal area into the urethra, increasing the risk of UTI in women.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"42\">Other Agents:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"43\">\u00a0Some cases of urethritis may be caused by sexually transmitted agents such as\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"44\">Chlamydia trachomatis<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"45\">\u00a0or\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"46\">Trichomonas vaginalis<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"47\">, but these are special cases and are usually limited to the urethra.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Symptoms_of_Urinary_Tract_Infection\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"48\">3. Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"49\">The symptoms of a urinary tract infection can vary depending on the location of the infection and its severity. Some people may not have clear symptoms (asymptomatic bacteriuria).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_Lower_Urinary_Tract_Symptoms\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"50\">3.1. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"51\">Lower urinary tract infections affect the urethra and bladder. Symptoms of lower urinary tract infections include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"52\">Painful, burning, or stinging sensation when urinating (dysuria).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"53\">Urgency, frequency, and passing small amounts of urine (polyuria).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"54\">Blood in the urine (hematuria).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"55\">Cloudy urine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"56\">Urine that looks like cola or dark tea.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"57\">Strong-smelling urine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"58\">Pelvic pain in women.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"59\">Rectal pain in men.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_Upper_Urinary_Tract_Symptoms\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"60\">3.2. Upper Urinary Tract Symptoms:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"61\">Upper urinary tract infections affect the kidneys. These cases can be life-threatening if bacteria move from the infected kidney into the bloodstream. This condition, known as urosepsis, can cause dangerous hypotension, shock, and death. Symptoms of upper urinary tract infections include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"62\">Pain in the flank or lower back.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"63\">Chills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"64\">Fever.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"65\">Nausea.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"66\">Vomiting.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"33_Symptoms_in_Children\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"67\">3.3. Symptoms in Children:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"68\">Signs of UTI in children are often difficult to detect and may be non-specific, posing a danger if not handled promptly:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"69\">Infants and Young Children:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"70\">\u00a0Fever, irritability, poor feeding, slow weight gain, vomiting, diarrhea, foul-smelling urine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"71\">Older Children:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"72\">\u00a0Flank or side pain (if kidney infection), dysuria, urinary incontinence (wetting), painful urination (boys may squeeze their penis when urinating due to pain).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"34_Symptoms_by_Location_in_the_Urinary_System\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"73\">3.4. Symptoms by Location in the Urinary System:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"74\">3.4.1. Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection):<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"75\">Pyelonephritis is an infection in the kidneys, which can be serious if not treated promptly. Symptoms usually appear about 48 hours after infection and may include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"76\">High Fever:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"77\">\u00a0Often above 38.9\u00b0C (102\u00b0F), accompanied by chills and shivering.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"78\">Pain:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"79\">\u00a0Pain in the abdomen, back, flank, or groin. The pain is usually localized to one side (the side of the infected kidney), sometimes severe or may be renal colic.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"80\">Urinary Disturbances:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"81\">Dysuria, painful urination: A painful, burning sensation when urinating, frequent urination but small amounts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"82\">Abnormal urine: Cloudy urine, pus or blood in the urine, foul or fishy odor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"83\">Systemic Symptoms:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"84\">\u00a0Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, body aches, loss of appetite. In older adults: May only manifest as mental status changes. In severe cases: Can cause severe systemic infection, septic shock, multi-organ failure, oliguria or anuria (passing little or no urine), even death.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"85\">3.4.2. Cystitis (Bladder Infection):<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"86\">Cystitis is a lower urinary tract infection that affects the bladder. Common symptoms include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"87\">Urinary Disturbances:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"88\">Dysuria, burning: A painful, burning sensation when urinating, like being pricked.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"89\">Urgency, frequency: A sudden urge to urinate, unable to hold urine, frequent urination throughout the day but passing only small amounts each time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"90\">Incontinence: Sometimes there is urinary incontinence (leaking before reaching the toilet).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"91\">Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"92\">Abnormal Urine:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"93\">\u00a0Cloudy urine, pus, foul odor, or mixed with blood (may be visible or only detected by testing). The urine may be dark.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"94\">Pain:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"95\">\u00a0Pain or pressure in the lower abdomen, near the pubic bone, pelvis, or may be in the back. The pain may lessen after urination.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"96\">Other Symptoms:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"97\">\u00a0May include low-grade fever (below 38\u00b0C or 100.4\u00b0F), chills, fatigue, nausea, pain during sexual intercourse.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"98\">Absence of:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"99\">\u00a0irritation or vaginal discharge. In children: May include frequent bedwetting at night.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"100\">3.4.3. Urethritis (Urethra Infection):<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"101\">Urethritis is inflammation of the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The main signs are usually painful urination and abnormal discharge.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"102\">Urinary Disturbances:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"103\">Dysuria, burning: A painful, burning sensation along the urethra when urinating, especially at the start of the stream.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"104\">Frequency, urgency: Persistent urge to urinate but small amounts, frequent urination day and night. Difficulty starting to urinate, straining to urinate.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"105\">Abnormal Discharge:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"106\">In men: White, yellowish, or greenish mucous discharge from the urethra (meatus). This is often more pronounced in the early morning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"107\">In women: Abnormal discharge from the vagina\/urethra.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"108\">Pain, Discomfort in Genitals:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"109\">In men: The penis may be red and swollen, tense, testicular pain, itching of the meatus and foreskin. Pain during erection and ejaculation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"110\">In women: Pain or pressure in the lower genital area when urinating, pain during sexual intercourse.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"111\">Abnormal Urine:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"112\">\u00a0Yellow, cloudy urine or mixed with pus\/fresh blood.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"113\">Other Symptoms:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"114\">\u00a0Dull pain in the lower abdomen, lower back, pubic bone, fever (rare), nausea, swollen lymph nodes in the groin.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Risk_Factors\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"115\">4. Risk Factors<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"116\">Anything that reduces the ability to empty the bladder or irritates the urinary tract can lead to a UTI. Additionally, many factors can increase the risk of contracting a UTI, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"117\">Age:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"118\">\u00a0Older adults are more likely to have UTIs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"119\">Female Sex:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"120\">\u00a0In the female body, the urethra is shorter and very close to both the vagina and the anus. This increases the likelihood of a UTI. Bacteria that naturally exist around both the vagina and anus can lead to infection in the urethra and the rest of the urinary tract.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"121\">Sexual Activity:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"122\">\u00a0Pressure on the female urinary tract during penetrative sexual intercourse can move bacteria from around the anus into the bladder. Oral sex can also introduce bacteria into the urethra, increasing the risk of infection. Urinating after sexual intercourse can help reduce the risk of infection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"123\">Use of Certain Contraceptive Methods:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"124\">\u00a0Spermicide can increase the risk of UTIs because it can disrupt the vaginal microbiota.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"125\">Non-lubricated condoms<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"126\">\u00a0(non-lubricated latex condoms) can increase friction and skin irritation during sexual intercourse, increasing the risk.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"127\">Diaphragms<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"128\">\u00a0can put pressure on the urethra, reducing the ability to empty the bladder, leading to an increased risk of bacterial growth and infection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"129\">Pregnancy:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"130\">\u00a0Hormonal changes and pressure on the bladder during pregnancy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"131\">Menopause:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"132\">\u00a0Estrogen decline alters the vaginal bacterial flora, causing changes in the urinary tract.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"133\">Urinary Tract Obstruction:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"134\">Urinary Stones<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"135\">\u00a0(Kidney stones, ureteral stones, bladder stones, urethral stones): Cause blockage of urine flow, creating a favorable environment for bacterial growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"136\">Prostatic Hyperplasia<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"137\">\u00a0(in men).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"138\">Tumors, Growths<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"139\">\u00a0of the urinary tract or congenital or acquired anatomical abnormalities of the urinary system.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"140\">Catheterization (Urinary Catheter):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"141\">\u00a0Prolonged catheterization increases the likelihood of bacteria migrating along the catheter into the bladder.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"142\">Weakened Immune System:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"143\">\u00a0Due to diabetes, HIV, or the use of immunosuppressive drugs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"144\">Reduced Mobility:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"145\">\u00a0After surgery or prolonged bed rest.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"146\">Lifestyle Habits:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"147\">\u00a0Frequently holding urine, drinking too little water, improper hygiene.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"148\">History of Recurrent UTIs.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Complications\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"149\">5. Complications<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"150\">A urinary tract infection can be completely cured if treated promptly and effectively. If not diagnosed and treated in time, it can lead to serious complications:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"151\">Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"152\">\u00a0This is the most severe complication, which can lead to permanent kidney damage, kidney failure, or blood infection (sepsis).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"153\">Blood Infection (Sepsis):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"154\">\u00a0Bacteria from the urinary tract can enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body, causing septic shock, multiple organ failure, and threatening life.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"155\">Recurrent UTI:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"156\">\u00a0Especially in women, UTIs tend to recur multiple times.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"157\">Pregnancy Complications:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"158\">\u00a0For pregnant women, untreated UTIs can lead to premature birth and low birth weight.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"159\">Urethral Stricture:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"160\">\u00a0Chronic or recurrent infection can cause scarring and narrowing of the urethra in men.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Diagnosis\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"161\">6. Diagnosis<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"162\">Diagnosis of a urinary tract infection is usually based on clinical symptoms. If you suspect you have a UTI, seek medical attention and get full testing.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"163\">Urine Tests:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"164\">Urinalysis (T\u1ed5ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"165\">\u00a0Detects the presence of white blood cells, red blood cells, nitrites (indicators of infection), and protein in the urine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"166\">Urine Culture (C\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"167\">\u00a0Identifies the type of bacteria causing the infection and the number of bacteria. This is an important test to guide the selection of appropriate antibiotics (antibiogram).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"168\">Complete Blood Count (X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e1u):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"169\">\u00a0Evaluates the level of infection, especially if it is an upper urinary tract infection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"170\">Imaging Tests:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"171\">\u00a0Performed in cases of recurrent, complicated UTIs, or suspicion of structural abnormalities in the urinary tract:<\/span>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"172\">Renal and Bladder Ultrasound (Si\u00eau \u00e2m th\u1eadn &#8211; b\u00e0ng quang):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"173\">\u00a0Evaluates kidney structure, looks for stones, and obstruction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"174\">Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) (Ch\u1ee5p X-quang h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ti\u00eam thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea3n quang):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"175\">\u00a0Detailed evaluation of the urinary tract.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"176\">CT scan or MRI (Ch\u1ee5p c\u1eaft l\u1edbp vi t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee5p c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"177\">\u00a0Provides more detailed images of the kidneys and urinary tract.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"178\">Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) (Ch\u1ee5p b\u00e0ng quang ni\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 c\u1ea3n quang khi \u0111i ti\u1ec3u):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"179\">\u00a0Often used in children to detect Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Treatment\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"180\">7. Treatment<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"181\">Urinary tract infections are usually treated with antibiotics. The treatment regimen depends on the severity of the infection, the type of causative agent (bacteria, virus, fungi), and the state of drug resistance.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"182\">Antibiotics:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"183\">For uncomplicated UTI (Cystitis):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"184\">\u00a0Antibiotics are often used for a short course of treatment (3-7 days).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"185\">For complicated UTI or Pyelonephritis (Vi\u00eam th\u1eadn &#8211; b\u1ec3 th\u1eadn):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"186\">\u00a0A stronger antibiotic regimen is needed, which may include initial intravenous injection and a longer treatment duration (usually 7-14 days or more).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"187\">For Pregnant Women:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"188\">\u00a0Antibiotics safe for the fetus need to be selected and closely monitored.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"189\">Symptom Relief:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"190\">\u00a0Over-the-counter pain relievers can help reduce pain and fever. Some urinary antiseptics help reduce the burning sensation when urinating.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"191\">Drink Enough Water:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"192\">\u00a0Helps flush bacteria out of the urinary tract when urinating.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"193\">Avoid Irritants:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"194\">\u00a0Coffee, alcohol, carbonated drinks, and spicy foods can worsen symptoms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Follow-up_After_Treatment\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"195\">8. Follow-up After Treatment<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"196\">Follow-up after treatment is important to ensure the infection has been completely eliminated and to prevent recurrence.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"197\">Repeat Urine Tests:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"198\">For uncomplicated UTIs, repeat testing is usually not needed if symptoms have completely resolved.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"199\">For complicated UTIs like pyelonephritis, or in pregnant women, a repeat urine test is needed after completing treatment to confirm a cure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"200\">Follow-up Visit:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"201\">\u00a0If symptoms do not improve after a few days of treatment, or if they recur after stopping the medication, a follow-up visit is required immediately for reassessment and adjustment of the regimen.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"202\">Counseling and Education:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"203\">\u00a0Patients need to be counseled on UTI prevention measures to reduce the risk of recurrence.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Prevention\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"204\">9. Prevention<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"205\">Preventing urinary tract infections is crucial to reduce the incidence and complications of the disease. Effective prevention measures include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"206\">Drink Enough Water:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"207\">\u00a0Drinking plenty of water (especially plain water) helps to dilute urine and promotes frequent urination, which helps flush bacteria out of the urinary tract.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"208\">Proper Hygiene:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"209\">In Women:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"210\">\u00a0Always wipe from front to back after urinating and having a bowel movement to prevent bacteria from the anus spreading to the urethra.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"211\">Clean the genital area<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"212\">\u00a0daily.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"213\">Urinate Frequently:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"214\">\u00a0Do not hold urine for too long. Urinate as soon as you feel the urge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"215\">Urinate After Sexual Intercourse:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"216\">\u00a0Helps flush out bacteria that may have entered the urethra during intercourse.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"217\">Avoid Irritating Hygiene Products:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"218\">\u00a0Scented soaps, feminine hygiene washes can irritate the urethra and increase the risk of infection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"219\">Lifestyle Changes:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"220\">\u00a0Wear breathable cotton underwear, avoid tight-fitting clothes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"221\">For Postmenopausal Women:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"222\">\u00a0May consider local estrogen therapy (as directed by a doctor) to improve urethral and vaginal health.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"223\">For Recurrent UTIs:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"224\">\u00a0Evaluate for recurrence factors (congenital abnormalities, urinary stones, prostate tumors, antibiotic resistance, etc.).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"225\">Cranberry:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"226\">\u00a0Cranberry juice or cranberries do not treat a UTI once it has started. However, cranberries contain a component that can help prevent some types of bacteria from sticking to your bladder lining. This can help prevent future UTIs. The AUA (American Urological Association) recommends the use of cranberries as a prophylactic measure for women with recurrent UTIs. (3, 6)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article is written by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/doi-ngu\/bac-si-vo-nguyen-duy-hoa\/\">BS. CKI. V\u00f5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Ho\u00e0,<\/a><\/strong> to provide fundamental knowledge about UTI, its transmission methods, recognizable signs, the importance of early diagnostic testing and treatment, as well as effective prevention. It helps you understand correctly to proactively protect your health and the community.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><b>Reference<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[1]. Li, L., Li, Y., Chen, Y. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et al.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Global, regional, and national lifetime probabilities of urinary tract infections and interstitial nephritis from 1990 to 2021.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">J Health Popul Nu, tr <\/span><\/i><b>44<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 231 (2025). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jhpn.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41043-025-00950-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41043-025-00950-y<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[2]. Yang, X., Chen, H., Zheng, Y., Qu, S., Wang, H., &amp; Yi, F. (2022). Disease burden and long-term trends of urinary tract infections: A worldwide report. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frontiers in public health<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 888205. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/public-health\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.888205\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.888205<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[3]. Everything to Know About UTIs in Adults<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/urinary-tract-infection-adults\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/urinary-tract-infection-adults<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[4]. H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN \u0110I\u1ec0U TR\u1eca NHI\u1ec4M KHU\u1ea8N \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG TI\u1ebeT NI\u1ec6U C\u1eacP NH\u1eacT 2020<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ed8I TI\u1ebeT NI\u1ec6U-TH\u1eacN H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM (VUNA-The Vietnam Urology &amp;Nephrology Association)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[5]. Urinary Tract Infection Basics<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/uti\/about\/index.html#cdc_disease_basics_symptoms_mngmt-diagnosis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/uti\/about\/index.html#cdc_disease_basics_symptoms_mngmt-diagnosis<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[6]. Recurrent Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women: AUA\/CUA\/SUFU Guideline (2022). <br \/>\n<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.auanet.org\/guidelines-and-quality\/guidelines\/recurrent-uti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.auanet.org\/guidelines-and-quality\/guidelines\/recurrent-uti<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), also known as urinary tract infection or urinary infection, is one of the most common infections globally, affecting millions each year worldwide, with a significant financial burden on society. The disease occurs when bacteria invade any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Although usually treatable, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":4078,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-bulletin"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4994"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5356,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4994\/revisions\/5356"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4078"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}