{"id":5054,"date":"2025-08-14T11:36:11","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T04:36:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/?p=5054"},"modified":"2025-12-24T11:11:54","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T04:11:54","slug":"fishy-vaginal-odor-causes-management-and-when-to-see-a-doctor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/fishy-vaginal-odor-causes-management-and-when-to-see-a-doctor\/","title":{"rendered":"Fishy Vaginal Odor: Causes, Management, and When to See a Doctor"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung trang<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/fishy-vaginal-odor-causes-management-and-when-to-see-a-doctor\/#I_Readers_Question\" >I. Reader&#8217;s Question:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/fishy-vaginal-odor-causes-management-and-when-to-see-a-doctor\/#II_Answer_from_the_DoctorExpert\" >II. Answer from the Doctor\/Expert:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/fishy-vaginal-odor-causes-management-and-when-to-see-a-doctor\/#1_Understanding_Vaginal_Odor_and_Normal_Changes\" >1. Understanding Vaginal Odor and Normal Changes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/fishy-vaginal-odor-causes-management-and-when-to-see-a-doctor\/#2_Deep_Causes_and_Factors_Related_to_a_Fishy_Odor\" >2. Deep Causes and Factors Related to a Fishy Odor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/fishy-vaginal-odor-causes-management-and-when-to-see-a-doctor\/#4_Accurate_Diagnosis_Why_is_a_Doctors_Visit_Necessary\" >4. Accurate Diagnosis: Why is a Doctor&#8217;s Visit Necessary?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/fishy-vaginal-odor-causes-management-and-when-to-see-a-doctor\/#5_Effective_Treatment_Methods_and_Recurrence_Management\" >5. Effective Treatment Methods and Recurrence Management<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/fishy-vaginal-odor-causes-management-and-when-to-see-a-doctor\/#6_Prevention_and_Home_Care\" >6. Prevention and Home Care<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/fishy-vaginal-odor-causes-management-and-when-to-see-a-doctor\/#7_When_to_See_a_Doctor_Warning_Signs\" >7. When to See a Doctor: Warning Signs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/fishy-vaginal-odor-causes-management-and-when-to-see-a-doctor\/#8_Summary_and_Final_Advice\" >8. Summary and Final Advice<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"I_Readers_Question\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"0\">I. Reader&#8217;s Question:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"1\">&#8220;Doctor, lately my private area has developed a fishy smell, especially after sex. I have washed thoroughly, but the smell won&#8217;t go away. Is this a sign of a disease? What should I do now?&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"II_Answer_from_the_DoctorExpert\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"2\">II. Answer from the Doctor\/Expert:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Understanding_Vaginal_Odor_and_Normal_Changes\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"3\">1. Understanding Vaginal Odor and Normal Changes<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"4\">Vaginal odor is a natural and constantly changing part of a woman&#8217;s body, not a static indicator but a dynamic physiological sign. A healthy intimate area can have many different odors depending on the menstrual cycle, physical activity, diet, and other individual factors. For example, the smell can be slightly salty, sweet, or like copper\/blood, or musk. These changes are completely normal and are not a sign of pathology. It is important for each individual to recognize their own &#8220;normal scent&#8221; so they can distinguish when an abnormal change occurs. A healthy intimate area usually does not have a strong or unpleasant odor, and vaginal discharge is often clear, milky white, or slightly off-white. If the intimate odor changes suddenly, becomes strong and unpleasant, especially a fishy smell, it may be a warning sign that needs attention. This change is not merely a matter of personal hygiene but often signals an imbalance in the natural microbial environment of the vagina.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Deep_Causes_and_Factors_Related_to_a_Fishy_Odor\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"5\">2. Deep Causes and Factors Related to a Fishy Odor<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"6\">A fishy odor in the intimate area is often a sign of an imbalance in the vaginal microbial system, a condition called bacterial vaginosis. This is a common problem that can be related to many factors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3691\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3691\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3691 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Trichomoniasis_vs_BV-1024x512.jpeg\" alt=\"BV vs Trichomoniasis\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Trichomoniasis_vs_BV-1024x512.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Trichomoniasis_vs_BV-300x150.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Trichomoniasis_vs_BV-768x384.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Trichomoniasis_vs_BV-1536x768.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Trichomoniasis_vs_BV-600x300.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Trichomoniasis_vs_BV.jpeg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3691\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bacterial overgrowth in the vagina leading to infection is one of the causes of abnormal, foul odor in the intimate area.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"7\">2.1. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"8\">Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)<\/span><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"9\">\u00a0is the most common cause of a fishy odor. This condition occurs when there is a severe imbalance in the natural microbial flora of the vagina. Specifically, the number of beneficial bacteria, mainly\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"10\">Lactobacilli<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"11\">\u00a0(lactic acid-producing bacteria), is significantly reduced, while harmful anaerobic bacteria (such as\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"12\">Gardnerella vaginalis<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"13\">, species of\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"14\">Prevotella<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"15\">,\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"16\">Mobiluncus<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"17\">, and\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"18\">Mycoplasma hominis<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"19\">) overgrow. The mechanism that causes the fishy odor is that these anaerobic bacteria produce chemical compounds called volatile amines, including trimethylamine. These amines have a characteristic odor, like rotten fish. This smell often becomes more pronounced and stronger after sexual intercourse because semen is alkaline, which increases the pH in the vagina. This alkaline environment makes volatile amines more likely to evaporate, making the odor more unpleasant.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"20\">2.2. Trichomonas Infection (Trichomoniasis)<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"21\">This is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the parasite\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?source=gmail&amp;sa=E&amp;q=https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/benh-trichomonas-trichomoniasis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"22\">Trichomonas vaginalis<\/span><\/i><\/a><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"23\">. In addition to a fishy odor, trichomoniasis is often accompanied by other symptoms such as green or yellow discharge, which may be frothy, along with itching and burning in the intimate area.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"24\">2.3. Common Risk Factors<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"25\">Many factors can increase the likelihood of developing BV and intimate odor problems, and these factors often overlap with risk factors for other\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?source=gmail&amp;sa=E&amp;q=https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/stis-hieu-biet-va-phong-ngua-cac-benh-truyen-nhiem-qua-duong-tinh-duc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"26\">sexually transmitted infections (STIs)<\/span><\/a><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"27\">. This indicates a complex link between sexual health and the vaginal microbiome, and BV may be an indicator of susceptibility to more serious STIs.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"28\">Sexual Activity:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"29\">\u00a0Having multiple new or multiple sexual partners, as well as unsafe sexual intercourse (not using condoms), can alter the vaginal microbiome and increase the risk of BV and other STIs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"30\">Vaginal Douching:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"31\">\u00a0This is an unrecommended hygiene practice and is one of the main causes of vaginal microbial imbalance. Many people mistakenly believe that douching helps clean and eliminate odor, but in fact, this practice disrupts the natural pH balance and removes beneficial bacteria in the vagina. This removes protective bacteria and allows harmful bacteria to overgrow, leading to BV and other infections. Douching products often contain strong chemicals that can irritate vaginal tissue. This shows that the fishy odor is a warning sign of vaginal microbial imbalance, not just a simple hygiene issue, and seemingly &#8220;clean&#8221; practices like douching are the main cause of this imbalance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"32\">Intrauterine Device (IUD):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"33\">\u00a0Some studies suggest that IUD placement, especially the copper IUD, may increase the risk of developing BV.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"34\">Smoking:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"35\">\u00a0Smoking is a significant risk factor for BV and is associated with a decrease in the number of beneficial\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"36\">Lactobacillus<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"37\">\u00a0bacteria, while increasing vaginal pH.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"38\">Improper Hygiene:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"39\">\u00a0Although not a direct cause, not changing underwear frequently, wearing tight, damp clothing can create a favorable environment for bacteria to grow and cause odor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"40\">Forgotten Tampon\/Sanitary Pad:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"41\">\u00a0A tampon left forgotten in the vagina can cause a foul, unpleasant odor due to the accumulation of bacteria.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"42\">Trimethylaminuria (Fish Odor Syndrome):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"43\">\u00a0In some very rare cases, a fishy odor may be due to a genetic condition where the body cannot properly metabolize trimethylamine (TMA). TMA accumulates and is excreted through sweat, urine, and vaginal secretions, causing a fishy odor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"44\">3. Recognizing Symptoms and Differentiation<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"45\">Recognizing symptoms is the first step to seeking medical support, however, the absence of clear symptoms (especially itching) or the overlap of symptoms between different conditions (BV vs. yeast infection) makes self-diagnosis extremely unreliable, emphasizing the necessity of professional medical diagnosis.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"46\">Fishy Odor:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"47\">\u00a0This is the most characteristic symptom of BV, especially stronger after sexual intercourse and during menstruation. This smell is due to the volatile amines produced by anaerobic bacteria.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"48\">Vaginal Discharge:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"49\">BV:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"50\">\u00a0Discharge is usually grayish-white or off-white, thin, homogeneous, and may coat the vaginal walls. This is different from normal discharge (clear or milky white, odorless, changes with the cycle).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"51\">Trichomoniasis:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"52\">\u00a0Discharge is usually green or yellow, frothy, and has a strong fishy odor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"53\">Other Symptoms:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"54\">BV:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"55\">\u00a0Usually does not cause significant itching or burning, but some people may experience mild itching or irritation. There may be a burning sensation during urination. Notably, up to 84% of people with BV may not have obvious symptoms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"56\">Trichomoniasis:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"57\">\u00a0Often causes itching, burning, genital swelling, and pain during urination or intercourse.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"58\">Yeast Infection (Candidiasis):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"59\">\u00a0Discharge is usually thick, white, like cottage cheese, often odorless or with a mild yeasty smell, and causes intense itching and burning.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"60\">Differentiation:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"61\">\u00a0A strong fishy odor is the characteristic sign of BV, while a yeast infection usually has no odor or a yeasty smell, accompanied by intense itching and lumpy discharge. Although there are subtle differences between BV and yeast infection in terms of odor and discharge characteristics, the presence of itching in both conditions is a major factor of confusion for the patient, reinforcing why self-diagnosis is ineffective.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"1\">Table 1: Differentiating Normal and Abnormal Vaginal Discharge<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; width: 1350px;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 192px;\">Characteristic<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 630px;\">Normal Discharge<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 528px;\">Abnormal Discharge<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 192px; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"2\">Color<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 630px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"3\">Clear, milky white, or slightly off-white.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 528px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"4\">Grayish-white, dark yellow, green, brown, red (bloody).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 192px; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"5\">Consistency\/Texture<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 630px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"6\">Changes with the cycle (liquid, sticky like egg whites around ovulation; thicker, slightly sticky toward the end of the cycle).<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 528px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"7\">Thin like water, frothy, lumpy like cottage cheese, or pus.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 192px; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"8\">Odor<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 630px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"9\">Odorless or mild, not unpleasant.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 528px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"10\">Fishy, foul, strongly sour.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 192px; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"11\">Accompanying Symptoms<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 630px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"12\">No itching, no burning, no pain.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 528px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"13\">Severe itching, burning, swelling, redness, pain during urination, pain during intercourse, pelvic pain.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Accurate_Diagnosis_Why_is_a_Doctors_Visit_Necessary\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"62\">4. Accurate Diagnosis: Why is a Doctor&#8217;s Visit Necessary?<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"63\">Self-diagnosing intimate area problems is very difficult and often inaccurate. Symptoms can overlap between different conditions such as BV, yeast infection, Trichomoniasis, or other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Incorrect treatment can worsen the condition or mask a more serious problem. Professional diagnosis not only accurately determines the cause of the odor but also differentiates between conditions with similar symptoms, preventing incorrect treatment and potential complications due to inaccurate diagnosis. The diagnostic process at a medical facility often includes the following steps:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"64\">Clinical Examination and Medical History:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"65\">\u00a0The doctor will ask about current symptoms, medical history, and risk factors. A pelvic examination will then be performed to look for signs of infection, such as increased discharge or smelly discharge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"66\">Vaginal Swab:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"67\">\u00a0The doctor will use a speculum to take a small sample of vaginal discharge for laboratory testing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"68\">Diagnostic Tests:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"69\">Wet Mount:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"70\">\u00a0The vaginal discharge is examined under a microscope to look for &#8220;Clue cells&#8221; \u2013 vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria, blurring their borders. This is a characteristic sign of BV.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"71\">Vaginal pH Test:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"72\">\u00a0Measures the pH of the vaginal fluid. A healthy vaginal pH is normally between 3.5-4.5. A pH greater than 4.5 is a sign of BV or Trichomoniasis. However, the pH test cannot distinguish between these two conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"73\">Whiff Test:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"74\">\u00a0The doctor will add a drop of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution to the vaginal sample. If a strong fishy odor is immediately noticeable (a positive &#8220;whiff&#8221; test), it is a strong sign of BV.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"75\">Gram Stain and Nugent Score:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"76\">\u00a0This is considered the gold standard for BV diagnosis. This method quantitatively assesses different types of bacteria, including\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"77\">Lactobacillus<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"78\">\u00a0and pathogenic microorganisms, on a stained slide of vaginal fluid.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"79\">Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"80\">\u00a0More modern tests like NAATs can be used to detect the DNA of pathogenic bacteria (e.g.,\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"81\">Gardnerella vaginalis<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"82\">) or parasites (<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"83\">Trichomonas vaginalis<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"84\">). These tests have high sensitivity and specificity, similar to or better than traditional tests, and are especially useful when wet mount is unavailable or results are unclear.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Effective_Treatment_Methods_and_Recurrence_Management\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"85\">5. Effective Treatment Methods and Recurrence Management<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"86\">5.1. Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"87\">BV is treated with prescription antibiotics. Common and effective medications include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"88\">Metronidazole:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"89\">\u00a0Available as an oral form (500mg, twice daily for 7 days) or a vaginal gel (0.75% gel, 5g, once daily for 5 days). Oral metronidazole is often the preferred choice for non-pregnant individuals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"90\">Clindamycin:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"91\">\u00a0Available as a vaginal cream (2% cream, once daily for 7 days) or an oral form (300mg, twice daily for 7 days). An important note is that clindamycin cream can weaken latex condoms within 72 hours of use. Therefore, alternative contraception or abstinence from sexual intercourse is required during this time.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"92\">The most important treatment principle is to take the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor, even if symptoms have disappeared. This ensures complete eradication of the pathogenic bacteria and significantly reduces the risk of recurrence.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"93\">5.2. Treatment for Trichomonas Infection (Trichomoniasis)<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"94\">Trichomoniasis is also treated with antibiotics, usually a single 2g dose of Metronidazole or a single 2g dose of Tinidazole. For women, Metronidazole 500mg, twice daily for 7 days is also a recommended treatment regimen.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"95\">5.3. Managing BV Recurrence<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"96\">BV recurrence is a complex and persistent problem, very common, with 50-80% of women experiencing recurrence within 6-12 months after completing antibiotic treatment. This condition is not only due to insufficient treatment but is also deeply related to bacterial biology, the incomplete recovery of the beneficial microbial flora after treatment, and partner factors. This requires a multidimensional and personalized approach to disease management. The main reasons for this high recurrence rate include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"97\">Reinfection from a Partner:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"98\">\u00a0Recent data, particularly from a randomized controlled trial at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC), suggests that treating the male partner simultaneously with the female partner with oral and topical antibiotics may significantly improve BV cure rates. However, previous studies had conflicting results on the efficacy of treating the male partner in preventing BV recurrence in the female partner. For female-female couples, simultaneous testing and treatment are also recommended due to the high rate of BV concordance, although more clinical research is needed for specific guidelines.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"99\">Biofilm Persistence:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"100\">\u00a0BV-causing bacteria, especially\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"101\">Gardnerella vaginalis<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"102\">, have the ability to form a protective biofilm on the vaginal wall. This layer acts as a barrier, reducing the ability of antibiotics to penetrate and kill the bacteria, leading to the persistence of the pathogen and recurrence after clinical cure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"103\">Failure to Restore a Healthy Vaginal Microbiome:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"104\">\u00a0After antibiotic treatment, the vaginal microbiome is often dominated by\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"105\">Lactobacillus iners<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"106\">\u00a0instead of more beneficial species like\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"107\">Lactobacillus crispatus<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"108\">\u00a0or\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"109\">Lactobacillus jensenii<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"110\">.\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"111\">L. iners<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"112\">\u00a0is associated with microbial instability, while\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"113\">L. crispatus<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"114\">\u00a0is associated with microbial stability and health, so failure to restore a\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"115\">L. crispatus<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"116\">-rich bacterial community may be the main reason for recurrence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"117\">Antibiotic Resistance:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"118\">\u00a0Some strains of\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"119\">Gardnerella vaginalis<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"120\">\u00a0have shown resistance to metronidazole and clindamycin, and resistance may increase after previous treatment courses, reducing the effectiveness of standard regimens.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"121\">5.4. Adjunctive and Emerging Methods for Recurrent BV<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"122\">To cope with the high recurrence rate, researchers and doctors are exploring many adjunctive and emerging methods:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"123\">Boric Acid:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"124\">\u00a0Often used as a vaginal suppository (e.g., 5g, twice weekly for 4 months) for recurrent BV.\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"125\">In vitro<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"126\">\u00a0studies show that it can inhibit biofilm formation of some bacteria, and when used with antibiotics, may improve cure rates for recurrent BV. However, more research is needed on its long-term efficacy when used alone and its safety when used topically.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"127\">Probiotics:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"128\">\u00a0The goal is to restore the vaginal microbiome with beneficial bacteria, especially\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"129\">Lactobacillus<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"130\">\u00a0species. They can be taken orally or vaginally. However, evidence for the effectiveness of commercial products is limited, and many products contain\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"131\">Lactobacillus<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"132\">\u00a0strains more common in the gut than the vagina. Some promising studies with vaginal\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"133\">L. crispatus<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"134\">\u00a0(Lactin-V) have shown a significant reduction in BV recurrence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"135\">pH Adjustment:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"136\">\u00a0pH adjusters such as lactic acid or vitamin C aim to acidify the vaginal environment, reducing the growth of BV-causing bacteria. However, there is no reliable evidence that they are effective in treating BV alone or are better than existing antibiotics.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"137\">Biofilm Disruptors:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"138\">\u00a0Research is looking for agents that can disrupt the biofilm, such as Astodrimer Sodium or Dequalinium chloride, which show potential in improving cure rates and reducing recurrence when used after antibiotics.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"15\">Table 2: Risk Factors for Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 576px; width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 32.2059%;\">Risk Factor<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 67.2059%;\">Description and Relation to BV<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 32.2059%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"16\">Sexual Activity<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.2059%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"17\">Having a new partner or multiple partners, unsafe sex (not using a condom), female same-sex relationships.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 32.2059%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"18\">Vaginal Douching<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.2059%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"19\">Disrupts the vaginal microbial balance, eliminates beneficial bacteria, and increases the risk of infection.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 32.2059%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"20\">Intrauterine Device (IUD)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.2059%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"21\">Especially the copper IUD, may increase the risk of BV.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 32.2059%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"22\">Smoking<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.2059%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"23\">Associated with a decrease in\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-ast-node-id=\"24\">Lactobacilli<\/span><\/i><span data-ast-node-id=\"25\">\u00a0bacteria and an increase in vaginal pH.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 32.2059%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"26\">History of other STIs<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.2059%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"27\">Increases the risk of contracting BV.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 32.2059%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"28\">Failure to restore beneficial flora after treatment<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.2059%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"29\">Especially the predominance of\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-ast-node-id=\"30\">Lactobacillus iners<\/span><\/i><span data-ast-node-id=\"31\">\u00a0instead of\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-ast-node-id=\"32\">L. crispatus<\/span><\/i><span data-ast-node-id=\"33\">\u00a0after antibiotic treatment.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 32.2059%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"34\">Biofilm Persistence<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.2059%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"35\">BV-causing bacteria create a protective layer (biofilm) that reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 32.2059%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"36\">Diet<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.2059%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"37\">Deficiency in vitamins A, C, E, beta-carotene; a diet high in sugar and fat can affect the vaginal microbiome.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Prevention_and_Home_Care\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"139\">6. Prevention and Home Care<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"140\">Effective prevention is not about actively &#8220;cleaning&#8221; the vagina but about &#8220;maintaining and supporting the natural balance&#8221; of it, through behaviors that protect the microbiome rather than excessive intervention.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"141\">6.1. Proper Hygiene<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"142\">The Vagina is Self-Cleaning:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"143\">\u00a0The vagina naturally cleanses itself by secreting discharge and maintaining pH balance. There is no need to &#8220;wash&#8221; inside the vagina.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"144\">Wash the Outside Only:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"145\">\u00a0Only wash the outside of the intimate area (vulva) with warm water and mild, unscented soap daily. Avoid using strong scented soaps or harsh detergents, as they can cause irritation and microbial imbalance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"146\">Absolutely No Vaginal Douching:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"147\">\u00a0This is the most important advice. Douching alters the natural pH and removes beneficial bacteria, increasing the risk of infection (BV, yeast, STI, PID) and other health problems such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and preterm birth. Douching does not permanently eliminate odor and can even worsen the condition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"148\">Avoid Scented Products:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"149\">\u00a0Limit the use of strongly scented feminine hygiene products such as deodorizing sprays, scented wipes, or scented sanitary pads\/tampons, as they can cause irritation and microbial imbalance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"150\">Wipe from Front to Back:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"151\">\u00a0After using the toilet, always wipe from front to back to prevent bacteria from the anus from spreading to the vagina and urethra.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"152\">6.2. Healthy Lifestyle Supporting Intimate Health<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"153\">Safe Sexual Intercourse:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"154\">\u00a0Correct and consistent use of condoms is an effective measure to reduce the risk of BV and other STIs. Cleaning sex toys after each use is also very important.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"155\">Choose Breathable Clothing:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"156\">\u00a0Wear cotton underwear and loose, breathable clothing to help keep the intimate area dry. A tight, damp, and stuffy environment creates favorable conditions for bacteria and fungi to grow. Change underwear daily and after exercise or excessive sweating.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"157\">Balanced Diet:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"158\">\u00a0A balanced diet rich in green vegetables, fruits, and essential vitamins (A, C, E, D) can support vaginal health. Avoid foods high in sugar and fat, as they can negatively affect the microbiome.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"159\">Quit Smoking:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"160\">\u00a0Smoking is a proven risk factor for BV and can negatively affect the vaginal microbiome, reducing the number of beneficial bacteria.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_When_to_See_a_Doctor_Warning_Signs\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"161\">7. When to See a Doctor: Warning Signs<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"162\">Intimate area symptoms, even if seemingly mild or familiar, can be signs of more serious conditions or can lead to significant complications if not treated promptly and accurately. Proactively seeking medical care is an important preventative action. You should visit a doctor if you notice any of the following signs, as they may indicate a condition requiring medical treatment:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"163\">Abnormal intimate odor changes, especially a strong and persistent fishy smell that does not go away after a few days.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"164\">Vaginal discharge changes significantly in color (grayish-white, green, dark yellow, brown, or bloody), consistency (thin like water, frothy, lumpy like cottage cheese), or the amount of discharge increases abnormally.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"165\">Itching, burning, swelling, or pain in the vaginal or vulvar area.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"166\">Pain or burning during urination.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"167\">Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"168\">Abnormal vaginal bleeding between periods, after sexual intercourse, or after menopause.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"169\">Symptoms do not improve or worsen after trying home care measures or after a course of medication.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"170\">You are pregnant and have any symptoms of BV, as BV during pregnancy can cause serious complications such as preterm birth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"171\">You suspect you may have a sexually transmitted infection (STI).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"172\">You have been previously diagnosed and treated for BV, but symptoms recur continuously.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"39\">Table 3: When to See a Doctor<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 22.9412%;\">Sign\/Situation<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 76.4706%;\">Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9412%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"40\">Abnormal intimate odor<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 76.4706%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"41\">Especially a strong and persistent fishy smell that does not go away after a few days.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9412%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"42\">Changes in discharge<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 76.4706%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"43\">In color (grayish-white, green, dark yellow, brown, or bloody), consistency (thin like water, frothy, lumpy like cottage cheese), or an abnormal increase in discharge volume.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9412%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"44\">Itching, burning, swelling, pain<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 76.4706%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"45\">In the vaginal or vulvar area.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9412%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"46\">Pain or burning during urination<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 76.4706%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"47\">Feeling uncomfortable when urinating.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9412%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"48\">Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 76.4706%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"49\">Experiencing inconvenience or pain during or after intercourse.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9412%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"50\">Abnormal vaginal bleeding<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 76.4706%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"51\">Between periods, after sexual intercourse, or after menopause.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9412%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"52\">Symptoms do not improve\/worsen<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 76.4706%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"53\">After trying home care measures or completing a course of medication.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9412%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"54\">Pregnant and having BV symptoms<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 76.4706%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"55\">BV during pregnancy can cause serious complications such as preterm birth.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9412%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"56\">Suspecting an STI<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 76.4706%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"57\">Having risk factors or signs of a sexually transmitted disease.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9412%; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"58\">Continuous BV recurrence<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 76.4706%; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"59\">Previously diagnosed and treated for BV, but symptoms continue to return.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Summary_and_Final_Advice\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"173\">8. Summary and Final Advice<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"174\">A fishy odor in the intimate area is often a sign of an imbalance in the vaginal microbiome, most commonly\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?source=gmail&amp;sa=E&amp;q=https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/loan-khuan-am-dao-bacterial-vaginosis-bv\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"175\">Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)<\/span><\/a><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"176\">\u00a0or\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?source=gmail&amp;sa=E&amp;q=https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/benh-trichomonas-trichomoniasis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"177\">Trichomoniasis<\/span><\/a><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"178\">. It is important to remember that the vagina is self-cleaning, and excessive intervention such as douching is not only ineffective but can also worsen the condition and increase the risk of infection. Self-diagnosis and treatment of intimate area problems are often inaccurate due to overlapping symptoms and the possibility of no clear symptoms. Therefore, always seek advice from a doctor or healthcare professional when there are any abnormal changes in odor, discharge, or other uncomfortable symptoms in the intimate area. Accurate diagnosis from an expert is key to an appropriate treatment method and preventing potential complications. To protect your intimate health, maintain proper hygiene (wash the outside only with warm water and unscented soap, absolutely no douching), practice safe sexual intercourse, and maintain a healthy lifestyle including a balanced diet and avoiding smoking. Proactive care and listening to your body is an important preventative action, helping to maintain the natural balance of the vaginal microbiome and overall health.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"215\">This article is written by<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/doi-ngu\/bac-si-do-huu-dat\/\"><b>Dr \u0110\u1ed7 H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea1t.<\/b><\/a> <i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"217\">The doctor has many years of in-depth experience in reproductive and sexual health care.<\/span><\/i><\/em><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><b>Reference<\/b><\/em><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[1]. Mayo Clinic. Vaginal health. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/womens-health\/in-depth\/vagina\/art-20046562\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/womens-health\/in-depth\/vagina\/art-20046562<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[2]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trichomoniasis. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment-guidelines\/trichomoniasis.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment-guidelines\/trichomoniasis.htm<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[3]. Mayo Clinic. Vaginal discharge. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/symptoms\/vaginal-discharge\/basics\/causes\/sym-20050825\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/symptoms\/vaginal-discharge\/basics\/causes\/sym-20050825<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[4]. Cleveland Clinic. Vaginal Discharge. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/symptoms\/4719-vaginal-discharge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/symptoms\/4719-vaginal-discharge<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[5]. Healthline. What You Need to Know If Your Vagina Has a Fishy Odor. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaginal-health\/what-you-need-to-know-if-your-vagina-has-a-fishy-odor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/vaginal-health\/what-you-need-to-know-if-your-vagina-has-a-fishy-odor<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[6]. Intimate Rose. Why Does My Vagina Smell Like Fish? Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.intimaterose.com\/blogs\/womens-health\/fishy-vaginal-odor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.intimaterose.com\/blogs\/womens-health\/fishy-vaginal-odor<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[7]. WomensHealth.gov. Douching. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/womenshealth.gov\/a-z-topics\/douching\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/womenshealth.gov\/a-z-topics\/douching<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[8]. ResearchGate. Impact of Vaginal Douching on Women&#8217;s Health: Benefits and Potential Health Risk. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/377780613_Impact_of_Vaginal_Douching_on_Women&#039;s_Health_Benefits_and_Potential_Health_Risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/377780613_Impact_of_Vaginal_Douching_on_Women&#8217;s_Health_Benefits_and_Potential_Health_Risk<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[9]. Cleveland Clinic. Bacterial Vaginosis. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/3963-bacterial-vaginosis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/3963-bacterial-vaginosis<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[10]. American Academy of Family Physicians. Bacterial Vaginosis and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2018\/0301\/p321.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2018\/0301\/p321.html<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[11]. Merck Manuals Professional Version. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV). Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.merckmanuals.com\/professional\/gynecology-and-obstetrics\/vaginitis-cervicitis-and-pelvic-inflammatory-disease\/bacterial-vaginosis-bv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.merckmanuals.com\/professional\/gynecology-and-obstetrics\/vaginitis-cervicitis-and-pelvic-inflammatory-disease\/bacterial-vaginosis-bv<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[12]. BCCDC. Bacterial Vaginosis. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bccdc.ca\/health-info\/diseases-conditions\/bacterial-vaginosis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.bccdc.ca\/health-info\/diseases-conditions\/bacterial-vaginosis<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[13]. Melbourne Sexual Health Centre. Bacterial Vaginosis Treatment Guidelines. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mshc.org.au\/health-professionals\/treatment-guidelines\/bacterial-vaginosis-treatment-guidelines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.mshc.org.au\/health-professionals\/treatment-guidelines\/bacterial-vaginosis-treatment-guidelines<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[14]. PMC. Current and Emerging Therapies for Bacterial Vaginosis. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10264601\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10264601\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[15]. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. The Vaginal Microbiome: A Dynamic Ecosystem Influenced by Host and Environmental Factors. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/cellular-and-infection-microbiology\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.686167\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/cellular-and-infection-microbiology\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.686167\/full<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[16]. Evvy. BV vs. Yeast Infection: What\u2019s the Difference? Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.evvy.com\/blog\/bv-vs-yeast-infection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.evvy.com\/blog\/bv-vs-yeast-infection<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[17]. Healthline. Bacterial Vaginosis vs. Yeast Infection. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bacterial-vaginosis-vs-yeast-infection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bacterial-vaginosis-vs-yeast-infection<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[18]. PMC. Vaginal discharge: an approach to diagnosis and management in primary care. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7905126\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7905126\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I. Reader&#8217;s Question: &#8220;Doctor, lately my private area has developed a fishy smell, especially after sex. I have washed thoroughly, but the smell won&#8217;t go away. Is this a sign of a disease? What should I do now?&#8221; II. Answer from the Doctor\/Expert: 1. Understanding Vaginal Odor and Normal Changes Vaginal odor is a natural [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":3701,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-bulletin"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5054","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5054"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5054\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5076,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5054\/revisions\/5076"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}