{"id":5075,"date":"2025-08-09T11:12:21","date_gmt":"2025-08-09T04:12:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/?p=5075"},"modified":"2025-12-24T11:12:27","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T04:12:27","slug":"genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Genital Herpes (HSV): A Comprehensive Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"0\">Genital Herpes is a common\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?source=gmail&amp;sa=E&amp;q=https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/stis-hieu-biet-va-phong-ngua-cac-benh-truyen-nhiem-qua-duong-tinh-duc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"1\">sexually transmitted infection (STI)<\/span><\/a><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"2\">\u00a0affecting millions worldwide. Although it cannot be completely cured, with correct knowledge and effective management methods, people living with the disease can still maintain a healthy life and reduce the risk of transmission. This specialized article provides a comprehensive view of Genital Herpes, from its definition, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, to related impacts and prevention measures, especially directed at high-risk groups, including sex workers and men who have sex with men (MSM).<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3657\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3657\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3657 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/large_20200506_084152_700366_mun_rop_sinh_duc_1_max_1800x1800_jpg_b4833b224c-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Virus herpes simplex 1\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/large_20200506_084152_700366_mun_rop_sinh_duc_1_max_1800x1800_jpg_b4833b224c-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/large_20200506_084152_700366_mun_rop_sinh_duc_1_max_1800x1800_jpg_b4833b224c-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/large_20200506_084152_700366_mun_rop_sinh_duc_1_max_1800x1800_jpg_b4833b224c-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/large_20200506_084152_700366_mun_rop_sinh_duc_1_max_1800x1800_jpg_b4833b224c.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3657\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Virus herpes simplex 1 g\u00e2y m\u1ee5n r\u1ed9p sinh d\u1ee5c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung trang<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#1_What_is_Genital_Herpes\" >1. What is Genital Herpes?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#11_Definition_and_Causative_Agent\" >1.1. Definition and Causative Agent<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#12_Prevalence_and_High-Risk_Groups\" >1.2. Prevalence and High-Risk Groups<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#13_Transmission_Routes\" >1.3. Transmission Routes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#2_Symptoms_and_Warning_Signs\" >2. Symptoms and Warning Signs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#21_Symptoms_of_the_First_Outbreak\" >2.1. Symptoms of the First Outbreak<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#22_Symptoms_of_Recurrent_Episodes\" >2.2. Symptoms of Recurrent Episodes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#23_Other_Common_Signs_and_Asymptomatic_Cases\" >2.3. Other Common Signs and Asymptomatic Cases<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#3_Diagnosis_of_Genital_Herpes\" >3. Diagnosis of Genital Herpes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#31_When_to_Seek_Examination_and_Screening\" >3.1. When to Seek Examination and Screening?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#32_Clinical_Diagnosis_Methods\" >3.2. Clinical Diagnosis Methods<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#33_Paraclinical_Tests\" >3.3. Paraclinical Tests<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#4_Treatment_of_Genital_Herpes\" >4. Treatment of Genital Herpes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#41_Treatment_Principles_and_Goals\" >4.1. Treatment Principles and Goals<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#42_Common_Antiviral_Medications\" >4.2. Common Antiviral Medications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#43_Treatment_Duration_and_Recurrence_Management\" >4.3. Treatment Duration and Recurrence Management<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#44_Can_Genital_Herpes_be_Cured_Completely\" >4.4. Can Genital Herpes be Cured Completely?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#5_Differentiating_Genital_Herpes_from_Other_Sexually_Transmitted_Infections_STIs\" >5. Differentiating Genital Herpes from Other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#51_Differentiating_from_STIs_with_Similar_Symptoms\" >5.1. Differentiating from STIs with Similar Symptoms<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#6_STIs_Often_Co-Occurring_with_Genital_Herpes\" >6. STIs Often Co-Occurring with Genital Herpes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#61_Special_Link_with_HIV\" >6.1. Special Link with HIV<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#62_Other_Commonly_Co-Occurring_STIs\" >6.2. Other Commonly Co-Occurring STIs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#7_The_Impact_of_Genital_Herpes_on_Fertility_and_Overall_Health\" >7. The Impact of Genital Herpes on Fertility and Overall Health<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#71_Impact_on_Male_Fertility\" >7.1. Impact on Male Fertility<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#72_Impact_on_Female_Fertility\" >7.2. Impact on Female Fertility<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#73_Genital_Herpes_in_Pregnancy_and_Risk_to_Newborns\" >7.3. Genital Herpes in Pregnancy and Risk to Newborns<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#74_Psychosocial_Impact\" >7.4. Psychosocial Impact<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#8_Prevention_of_Genital_Herpes_and_Advice_for_Living_with_the_Condition\" >8. Prevention of Genital Herpes and Advice for Living with the Condition<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#81_Effective_Prevention_Measures\" >8.1. Effective Prevention Measures<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#82_The_Importance_of_Counseling_and_Support\" >8.2. The Importance of Counseling and Support<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#83_Safe_Living_and_Minimizing_Transmission_Risk\" >8.3. Safe Living and Minimizing Transmission Risk<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#9_Conclusion\" >9. Conclusion<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/genital-herpes-hsv-a-comprehensive-guide\/#Recommendations\" >Recommendations:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_Genital_Herpes\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"3\">1. What is Genital Herpes?<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"4\">Genital Herpes is a chronic infection caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) that persists for life in the patient&#8217;s body. This disease is classified as one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Definition_and_Causative_Agent\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"5\">1.1. Definition and Causative Agent<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"6\">The Herpes Simplex Virus has two main types, HSV-1 and HSV-2, both capable of causing Genital Herpes. Traditionally, HSV-1 is known to cause cold sores on the mouth or face, often called &#8220;fever blisters.&#8221; However, HSV-1 can also spread from the mouth to the genitals through oral sex, leading to cases of Genital Herpes. This suggests that awareness of the oral transmission risk is very important, especially for target groups with diverse sexual activity such as MSM, where oral sex may be common. Focusing solely on vaginal or anal transmission may overlook an important route of infection, so public awareness campaigns need to broaden to include oral sex and emphasize that &#8220;fever blisters&#8221; can also be transmitted to the genital area. Meanwhile, HSV-2 is the most common cause of recurrent genital herpes cases. This classification is significant in predicting the frequency of recurrence and counseling patients.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Prevalence_and_High-Risk_Groups\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"7\">1.2. Prevalence and High-Risk Groups<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3645\" src=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/nhiem-HSV-2.png\" alt=\"d\u1ecbch t\u1ec3 herpes sinh d\u1ee5c\n\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/nhiem-HSV-2.png 1024w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/nhiem-HSV-2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/nhiem-HSV-2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/nhiem-HSV-2-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/nhiem-HSV-2-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/nhiem-HSV-2-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"8\">Genital Herpes has a significant global prevalence. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that approximately 491.5 million people were infected with HSV-2 in 2016, accounting for more than 1\/10 of the world&#8217;s population aged 15 to 49. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated 572,000 new cases of Genital Herpes in 2018 in the 14-49 age group. A notable point is that the majority of people infected with Genital Herpes have no clear symptoms or only very mild ones, leading them not to realize their infection status. It is estimated that up to 81% of people infected with HSV-2 go undiagnosed. The large proportion of people unaware of their infection is a major challenge in disease control. This implies that prevention strategies cannot rely solely on avoiding sexual contact when symptoms are obvious. It emphasizes the necessity of regular testing for high-risk groups and counseling on asymptomatic transmission. For high-risk groups such as sex workers and MSM, who may have multiple partners or diverse sexual activities, this risk of asymptomatic transmission becomes even more severe. Therefore, education on the importance of regular testing, especially type-specific serological testing, and counseling on virus transmission even without visible sores is necessary. High-risk groups for Genital Herpes include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"9\">People with multiple sexual partners.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"10\">Women who have a higher risk of infection than men.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"11\">People with weakened immune systems, including those with HIV.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"12\">Groups with high-risk sexual activities, such as sex workers and MSM (men who have sex with men).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_Transmission_Routes\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"13\">1.3. Transmission Routes<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"14\">Genital Herpes is mainly transmitted through skin-to-skin contact with a person carrying the HSV virus, typically through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. The virus can be transmitted through Herpes sores, genital secretions, or saliva from the infected person. A particularly important point is that the virus can be transmitted through the skin in the oral or genital area of the infected person even when no visible sores are present. This phenomenon is called &#8220;asymptomatic viral shedding.&#8221; The ability to transmit the virus even without obvious symptoms makes prevention more complicated than with other STIs that are only infectious when symptomatic. This emphasizes the importance of correct and consistent condom use, as well as considering suppressive antiviral therapy for infected individuals to reduce the risk of transmission. For target groups with a high frequency of sexual contact, this becomes even more critical, requiring an emphasis on comprehensive counseling about the risk of transmission, including when asymptomatic, and encouraging additional prevention measures such as suppressive therapy. HSV cannot survive long outside the body, so it is not transmitted through objects like toilet seats, towels, or pool water. However, the disease can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or childbirth, leading to a dangerous condition called neonatal herpes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Symptoms_and_Warning_Signs\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"15\">2. Symptoms and Warning Signs<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"16\">Recognizing the symptoms of Genital Herpes is very important for early diagnosis and effective management. Symptoms can differ between the first outbreak and recurrent episodes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_Symptoms_of_the_First_Outbreak\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"17\">2.1. Symptoms of the First Outbreak<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"18\">The first outbreak of Genital Herpes usually appears about 4 days after infection, although it can range from 2 to 10 days. Symptoms in this episode tend to be more severe and pronounced than in subsequent recurrences. Common signs and symptoms include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"19\">Itching, burning, or tingling sensation:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"20\">\u00a0These are uncomfortable sensations that often appear in the infected area before the blisters actually emerge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"21\">Blisters and sores:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"22\">\u00a0One or more small, painful, clear fluid-filled blisters usually appear in clusters. These blisters can occur on or around the genitals, anus, buttocks, thighs, or mouth. The blisters then break open, leaving painful sores that may ooze or bleed, and eventually crust over and heal within about 2 to 4 weeks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"23\">Systemic symptoms:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"24\">\u00a0Many people also experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, body aches, headache, and swollen lymph nodes, especially in the groin area.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"25\">Fatigue and discomfort:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"26\">\u00a0Some people may feel tired or unwell during the acute phase of the disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"27\">Painful urination (dysuria) or rectal discomfort:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"28\">\u00a0These symptoms may occur depending on the location of the lesions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_Symptoms_of_Recurrent_Episodes\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"29\">2.2. Symptoms of Recurrent Episodes<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"30\">After the initial infection, the HSV virus is not eliminated from the body but hides in the nerve ganglia and can reactivate, causing recurrent outbreaks. Recurrences are usually milder, less severe, and heal faster (typically within 6 to 12 days) compared to the first episode. The frequency of recurrence also tends to decrease over time. A key characteristic of recurrent episodes is the appearance of prodromal symptoms, which are pre-warning sensations. These sensations include itching, burning, numbness, or pain at the site where the outbreak is about to occur, which may appear a few hours to a few days before the blisters actually emerge. Recognizing prodromal symptoms is very important for the patient because it is an opportunity for them to start early antiviral treatment (episodic therapy), which helps shorten the duration of the outbreak and reduce the severity of symptoms. For sex workers or MSM, this early recognition can help them make responsible decisions about sexual activity, thereby reducing the risk of transmission to others.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"23_Other_Common_Signs_and_Asymptomatic_Cases\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"31\">2.3. Other Common Signs and Asymptomatic Cases<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"32\">Herpes sores can appear anywhere there is contact with the infected skin, not just limited to the genitals. This means lesions can appear on the mouth, lips, face, buttocks, or thighs, depending on the route of infection. A major challenge in controlling Genital Herpes is that many infected people have no symptoms or very mild symptoms that are easily overlooked or mistaken for other skin conditions like pimples or ingrown hairs. The fact that Genital Herpes is often asymptomatic or easily confused with common skin conditions is a primary reason why the disease is widespread. This creates a &#8221; hidden risk&#8221; in the community, especially among groups with high sexual activity. Even in the absence of clinical symptoms, the virus can still be shed and transmitted to others. This reinforces the argument for the importance of regular testing and counseling on asymptomatic transmission risk, rather than relying solely on clinical symptoms for prevention. Education on &#8220;atypical&#8221; or &#8220;very mild&#8221; symptoms is necessary to raise awareness and encourage early testing, especially for high-risk groups, to break the chain of unintentional transmission.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Diagnosis_of_Genital_Herpes\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"33\">3. Diagnosis of Genital Herpes<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"34\">Accurate diagnosis of Genital Herpes is the first step for effective management and prevention of transmission.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_When_to_Seek_Examination_and_Screening\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"35\">3.1. When to Seek Examination and Screening?<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"36\">Everyone should seek medical care if they notice any suspected symptoms of Genital Herpes, such as blisters, sores, itching, or burning in or around the genital area. Examination is also recommended if a partner has an STI or has suspected symptoms such as unusual sores, smelly genital discharge, painful urination, or abnormal bleeding. For high-risk individuals, including those presenting for STI care, those with a history of multiple sexual partners (e.g., \u226510 lifetime partners), and people with HIV, a thorough assessment of Genital Herpes symptom history is needed. The recommendation for HIV testing for all individuals diagnosed with Genital Herpes is an extremely important point. This reflects the strong link between HSV-2 and HIV, where HSV-2 increases the risk of HIV infection by 2-3 times. For high-risk groups such as sex workers and MSM, concurrent testing is essential for comprehensive health management and to prevent the spread of both diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_Clinical_Diagnosis_Methods\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"37\">3.2. Clinical Diagnosis Methods<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"38\">After examination, the doctor can make a preliminary diagnosis of Genital Herpes by directly observing any existing sores. However, clinical diagnosis may not be entirely accurate because symptoms can be atypical or easily confused with other conditions. Therefore, confirmation of the diagnosis with paraclinical tests needs to be performed to ensure accuracy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"33_Paraclinical_Tests\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"39\">3.3. Paraclinical Tests<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"40\">For accurate diagnosis of Genital Herpes, paraclinical testing methods play a crucial role:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"41\">PCR Test (Polymerase Chain Reaction):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"42\">\u00a0This is the preferred method to confirm HSV infection in patients with active lesions such as blisters or sores. PCR has very high sensitivity and specificity (over 95%), allowing the detection of the virus even without obvious symptoms (asymptomatic viral shedding). The test sample is usually collected from the sore fluid. The advancement in diagnosis from viral culture to PCR allows for more accurate and earlier diagnosis, even in asymptomatic cases. This is significantly important in management and transmission prevention, especially in high-risk groups, where early diagnosis can help minimize spread.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"43\">Type-Specific HSV Serological Tests (IgM and IgG):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"44\">\u00a0are two types of serological tests used in the diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection when there are no lesions. IgM usually appears early, helping detect acute or recent HSV reactivation. Meanwhile, IgG appears later and persists long-term, reflecting a prior HSV infection status. Identifying IgG helps differentiate between HSV-1 and HSV-2, which is significant for prognosis and counseling. However, IgM can give false-positive or non-specific results. Therefore, HSV diagnosis needs to be combined with clinical, PCR, and serological tests to increase accuracy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"45\">Viral Culture:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"46\">\u00a0Viral culture was once considered the traditional gold standard for HSV diagnosis. However, the sensitivity of this method is lower than PCR, especially for recurrent lesions or when lesions have begun to heal.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Treatment_of_Genital_Herpes\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"47\">4. Treatment of Genital Herpes<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"48\">Currently, there is no definitive cure for Genital Herpes. The virus will remain latent in the nerve ganglia for the patient&#8217;s entire life. However, existing treatment methods are very effective in controlling symptoms and reducing the risk of transmission.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"41_Treatment_Principles_and_Goals\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"49\">4.1. Treatment Principles and Goals<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"50\">The main goals of Genital Herpes treatment are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"51\">Control symptoms, reduce pain and discomfort caused by outbreaks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"52\">Shorten the duration of outbreaks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"53\">Reduce the frequency and severity of recurrent episodes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"54\">Limit HSV viral shedding (the phenomenon where the virus reactivates and replicates, then escapes from the mucosal and skin cells, which may or may not have symptoms). These shedding episodes can pose a risk of transmission to others, therefore limiting viral shedding reduces the risk of transmission to a partner.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"55\">Antiviral treatment does not completely cure the disease but only controls symptoms and reduces transmission. Antiviral drugs do not eliminate the latent virus or affect the risk or severity of recurrence after stopping treatment. This is very important to prevent patient misunderstanding about treatment expectations and the importance of adherence to long-term therapy, especially suppressive therapy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"42_Common_Antiviral_Medications\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"56\">4.2. Common Antiviral Medications<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"57\">The three main antiviral drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and widely used to treat Genital Herpes are Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Famciclovir. These drugs work by inhibiting the multiplication of the virus in infected cells, but they do not kill the virus.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"43_Treatment_Duration_and_Recurrence_Management\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"58\">4.3. Treatment Duration and Recurrence Management<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"59\">Genital Herpes management includes treating acute outbreaks and prophylactic therapy to reduce the frequency of recurrence.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"60\">Treatment of the First Episode:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"61\">\u00a0All patients with a first outbreak should be treated with antivirals due to the potential for prolonged illness and severe symptoms. Treatment usually lasts 7-10 days.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"62\">Treatment of Recurrence (Episodic Therapy):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"63\">\u00a0This therapy is most effective if started within 1 day of lesion onset or during the prodromal phase (pre-warning sensation). The treatment duration is shorter, usually 1-5 days depending on the regimen.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"64\">Preventative Treatment (Suppressive Therapy):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"65\">\u00a0This therapy is for individuals with frequent recurrences (e.g., \u2265 6 episodes\/year) or who wish to reduce the frequency of recurrence and the risk of transmission. Suppressive therapy can reduce the frequency of recurrence by 70-80% and viral shedding by over 90%. This therapy can be continued indefinitely but requires annual re-evaluation. Notably, prophylactic therapy is recommended for pregnant women from the 36th week of pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission to the newborn.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"66\">For Immunocompromised Patients (e.g., HIV infection):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"67\">\u00a0Outbreaks in these individuals can be prolonged, severe, and atypical. Dosage and treatment duration may need to be extended. It should be noted that suppressive antiviral therapy in HIV-infected individuals may reduce the clinical manifestations of HSV but does not reduce the risk of HIV or HSV-2 transmission to a partner.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"68\">Although suppressive therapy does not completely prevent transmission, the significant reduction in outbreak frequency and viral shedding is a huge benefit to the patient&#8217;s quality of life and an important prevention tool. For sex workers and MSM, this can help them maintain safer sexual activity and reduce the psychological burden associated with fear of transmission.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"69\">Table 1: Summary of Common Antiviral Treatment Regimens for Genital Herpes<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 1350px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 521px;\">Treatment Type (Lo\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u Tr\u1ecb)<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 136px;\">Medication (Thu\u1ed1c)<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 693px;\">Dosage and Duration (Li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Th\u1eddi gian)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 521px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"3\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"0\">First Episode Treatment (\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 136px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"1\">Acyclovir<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 693px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"2\">400 mg x 3 times\/day for 7\u201310 days<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 136px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"3\">Valacyclovir<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 693px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"4\">1 gm x 2 times\/day for 7\u201310 days<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 136px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"5\">Famciclovir<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 693px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"6\">250 mg x 3 times\/day for 7\u201310 days<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 521px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"3\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"7\">Recurrent Treatment (Episodic Therapy) (\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t (li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p theo \u0111\u1ee3t))<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 136px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"8\">Acyclovir<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 693px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"9\">800 mg x 2 times\/day for 5 days OR 800 mg x 3 times\/day for 2 days<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 136px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"10\">Valacyclovir<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 693px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"11\">500 mg x 2 times\/day for 3 days OR 1 gm x 1 time\/day for 5 days<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 136px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"12\">Famciclovir<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 693px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"13\">1 gm x 2 times\/day for 1 day OR 500 mg x 1 time, then 250 mg x 2 times\/day for 2 days OR 125 mg x 2 times\/day for 5 days<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 521px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"3\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"14\">Suppressive Treatment (Suppressive Therapy) (\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng (li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf))<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 136px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"15\">Acyclovir<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 693px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"16\">400 mg x 2 times\/day<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 136px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"17\">Valacyclovir<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 693px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"18\">500 mg x 1 time\/day OR 1 gm x 1 time\/day<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 136px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"19\">Famciclovir<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 693px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"20\">250 mg x 2 times\/day<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 1350px;\" colspan=\"3\">\n<p><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"22\">Note: For immunocompromised patients or those with HIV infection, the dosage and duration of treatment may vary or need to be extended. Treatment requires consultation and prescription by a specialist doctor.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"44_Can_Genital_Herpes_be_Cured_Completely\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"71\">4.4. Can Genital Herpes be Cured Completely?<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"72\">As presented, Genital Herpes is a chronic viral infection, and currently, there is no definitive cure. The virus will remain latent in the nerve ganglia for life. However, existing treatment methods are very effective in controlling symptoms, reducing the frequency of recurrence, and reducing the risk of transmission.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Differentiating_Genital_Herpes_from_Other_Sexually_Transmitted_Infections_STIs\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"73\">5. Differentiating Genital Herpes from Other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"74\">Accurate differentiation of Genital Herpes from other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) is very important. The symptoms of Genital Herpes can be easily confused with other STIs or non-STI dermatological conditions. Accurate differentiation ensures correct diagnosis and timely treatment, avoiding unwanted complications.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"51_Differentiating_from_STIs_with_Similar_Symptoms\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"75\">5.1. Differentiating from STIs with Similar Symptoms<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"76\">Below is Table 2 summarizing the main differentiating characteristics between Genital Herpes and some STIs with similar symptoms, helping readers easily recognize and seek appropriate medical support. Providing clear differentiating characteristics between Genital Herpes and other STIs is extremely important for non-medical readers. This helps them preliminarily self-assess their symptoms and understand the importance of seeking professional medical diagnosis, rather than self-diagnosing incorrectly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"1\">Table 2: Differentiating Genital Herpes from STIs with Similar Symptoms<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 1342px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 121px;\">Characteristic<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 275px;\">Genital Herpes\u00a0<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 246px;\">Syphilis<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 216px;\">Genital Warts<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 266px;\">Chancroid<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 218px;\">Pearly Penile Papules\u00a0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 121px; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"2\">Agent<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"3\">Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1, HSV-2)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 246px; text-align: left;\"><i><span data-ast-node-id=\"4\">Treponema pallidum<\/span><\/i><span data-ast-node-id=\"5\">\u00a0(Syphilis spirochete)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 216px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"6\">Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 266px; text-align: left;\"><i><span data-ast-node-id=\"7\">Haemophilus ducreyi<\/span><\/i><span data-ast-node-id=\"8\">\u00a0bacteria<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 218px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"9\">Not precisely determined (excessive growth of papillary cells)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 121px; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"10\">Lesion Features<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"11\">Clusters of vesicles, rupturing into shallow, soft ulcers, possibly with pus, often recurrent<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 246px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"12\">Chancre: solitary, painless, firm, clean-based ulcer, size 0.5-3cm<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 216px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"13\">Soft, friable warts, cauliflower-shaped, may bleed when touched<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 266px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"14\">Deep, pus-filled ulcer, often accompanied by inflamed inguinal lymph nodes<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 218px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"15\">Small red\/pink nodules, scattered, thread-like or rough surface<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 121px; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"16\">Pain\/Itching<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"17\">Usually itchy, burning, painful<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 246px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"18\">Painless\/Not itchy<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 216px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"19\">Causes itching, discomfort<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 266px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"20\">Painful<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 218px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"21\">Painless\/Not itchy<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 121px; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"22\">Incubation Period<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"23\">2\u201310 days (usually 4 days)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 246px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"24\">3\u20134 weeks<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 216px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"25\">3 weeks \u2013 8 months<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 266px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"26\">(Not specified in reference)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 218px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"27\">(Not specified in reference)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 121px; text-align: left;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"28\">Nature<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"29\">Sexually transmitted disease, chronic<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 246px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"30\">Sexually transmitted disease, curable<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 216px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"31\">Sexually transmitted disease, may recur<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 266px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"32\">Sexually transmitted disease, curable<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 218px; text-align: left;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"33\">Not a sexually transmitted disease<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_STIs_Often_Co-Occurring_with_Genital_Herpes\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"77\">6. STIs Often Co-Occurring with Genital Herpes<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"78\">Infection with Genital Herpes is often a sign that a person is at high risk for other sexually transmitted diseases. This emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive STI workup when a person is diagnosed with Herpes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"61_Special_Link_with_HIV\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"79\">6.1. Special Link with HIV<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"80\">There is a special and concerning link between HSV-2 infection (the main causative agent of Genital Herpes) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HSV-2 infection increases the risk of HIV transmission by\u00a0<\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"81\">two to three times<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"82\">. Sores or lesions on the skin and mucous membranes caused by Herpes create &#8220;entry points&#8221; for the HIV virus to invade the body. Furthermore, even without visible sores, Herpes also increases the number of immune cells (the target cells of HIV) in the genital mucosa, facilitating HIV entry and replication. In individuals co-infected with HIV and HSV-2 who are not on effective Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), HSV-2 reactivation is associated with an increase in HIV RNA levels in plasma and genital secretions. The synergistic link between HSV-2 and HIV is an extremely important point that needs to be clearly communicated to the target audience. This is not just an epidemiological link but also a biological mechanism: Herpes creates an &#8220;entry point&#8221; for HIV and increases the number of target cells. Therefore, HIV testing is very important for everyone diagnosed with Herpes, and integrated management of both diseases is necessary to optimize individual health and prevent community transmission. For high-risk groups such as sex workers and MSM, who may have a higher co-infection rate, this is essential to ensure early diagnosis and integrated management for both conditions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"62_Other_Commonly_Co-Occurring_STIs\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"83\">6.2. Other Commonly Co-Occurring STIs<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"84\">When a person is diagnosed with Genital Herpes, doctors will often consider screening for other STIs. This is because common risk factors (e.g., unsafe sexual contact) can lead to co-infection with multiple STIs. STIs commonly screened for include:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\">\n<p><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"85\">Chlamydia<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?source=gmail&amp;sa=E&amp;q=https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/benh-lau-co-chua-duoc-khong\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"86\">Gonorrhea<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\">\n<p><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"87\">Syphilis<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?source=gmail&amp;sa=E&amp;q=https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/benh-trichomonas-trichomoniasis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"88\">Trichomonas vaginalis infection (Trichomoniasis)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?source=gmail&amp;sa=E&amp;q=https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/sui-mao-ga-nguyen-nhan-trieu-chung-chan-doan-dieu-tri-va-phong-ngua\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"89\">Genital Warts<\/span><\/a><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"90\">\u00a0(caused by HPV)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"91\">The fact that Genital Herpes often co-occurs with other STIs indicates the importance of a comprehensive STI workup when a person is diagnosed with Herpes. This is significantly important for public health, especially for high-risk groups, as treating one STI while overlooking others can lead to more severe health complications and continued transmission.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"92\">Table 3: Summary of STIs Often Co-Occurring with Genital Herpes<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 592px; width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 15.2206%;\">STI (Sexually Transmitted Infection)<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 14.4853%;\">Agent<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 69.5588%;\">Relationship with Genital Herpes and Significance\u00a0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2206%;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"23\">HIV<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.4853%;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"24\">Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 69.5588%;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"25\">HSV-2 infection increases the risk of HIV transmission by 2-3 times. Herpes lesions create entry points for HIV and increase the number of immune cells (targets of HIV). Increased HIV viral load with co-infection.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"26\">Advice:<\/span><\/strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"27\">\u00a0HIV testing is necessary for everyone diagnosed with Genital Herpes.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2206%;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"28\">Chlamydia<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.4853%;\"><i><span data-ast-node-id=\"29\">Chlamydia trachomatis<\/span><\/i><span data-ast-node-id=\"30\">\u00a0bacteria<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 69.5588%;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"31\">A common STI, often without obvious symptoms.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"32\">Advice:<\/span><\/strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"33\">\u00a0Comprehensive STI screening is necessary.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2206%;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"34\">Gonorrhea (B\u1ec7nh l\u1eadu)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.4853%;\"><i><span data-ast-node-id=\"35\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/span><\/i><span data-ast-node-id=\"36\">\u00a0bacteria<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 69.5588%;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"37\">Causes symptoms such as painful urination, abnormal discharge.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"38\">Advice:<\/span><\/strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"39\">\u00a0Comprehensive STI screening is necessary.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2206%;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"40\">Syphilis (Giang mai)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.4853%;\"><i><span data-ast-node-id=\"41\">Treponema pallidum<\/span><\/i><span data-ast-node-id=\"42\">\u00a0spirochete<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 69.5588%;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"43\">Causes painless sores (chancres) in the early stages.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"44\">Advice:<\/span><\/strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"45\">\u00a0Comprehensive STI screening is necessary.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2206%;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"46\">Trichomoniasis (B\u1ec7nh Trichomonas vaginalis)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.4853%;\"><i><span data-ast-node-id=\"47\">Trichomonas vaginalis<\/span><\/i><span data-ast-node-id=\"48\">\u00a0parasite<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 69.5588%;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"49\">Another common STI, many people are asymptomatic.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"50\">Significance:<\/span><\/strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"51\">\u00a0Comprehensive STI screening is necessary.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2206%;\"><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"52\">Genital Warts (S\u00f9i m\u00e0o g\u00e0)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.4853%;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"53\">Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 69.5588%;\"><span data-ast-node-id=\"54\">Causes warts in the genital area.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"55\">Significance:<\/span><\/strong><span data-ast-node-id=\"56\">\u00a0Comprehensive STI screening is necessary.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 56px; width: 99.2647%;\" colspan=\"3\">\n<p><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"58\">Note: Co-infection with other STIs often occurs due to common risk factors. Therefore, full screening is necessary to ensure comprehensive sexual health.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_The_Impact_of_Genital_Herpes_on_Fertility_and_Overall_Health\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"94\">7. The Impact of Genital Herpes on Fertility and Overall Health<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"95\">Genital Herpes not only causes physical symptoms but also has significant effects on the fertility and psychosocial health of the patient.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"71_Impact_on_Male_Fertility\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"96\">7.1. Impact on Male Fertility<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"97\">Genital Herpes may affect male fertility by reducing sperm count. A 2013 study indicated that Herpes is associated with low sperm count in tested males. Although Herpes does not cause complete infertility, its potential effect on male sperm count is an important point that needs to be communicated to males in the target audience. This provides specific information about a potential impact on reproductive health, helping them make informed decisions about their reproductive health.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"72_Impact_on_Female_Fertility\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"98\">7.2. Impact on Female Fertility<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"99\">Current research shows that Genital Herpes does not pose a real risk to female fertility. Symptoms such as sores or blisters around the genitals do not directly affect the internal reproductive organs. However, having Herpes can make unsafe sexual contact more difficult, especially during outbreaks. During these periods, avoiding sexual contact is recommended to reduce the risk of transmission to a partner.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"73_Genital_Herpes_in_Pregnancy_and_Risk_to_Newborns\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"100\">7.3. Genital Herpes in Pregnancy and Risk to Newborns<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"101\">Herpes infection during pregnancy is a critical health issue that requires special attention. Pregnant women can transmit the Herpes virus to the fetus during pregnancy or to the newborn during childbirth, especially during a vaginal delivery. The risk of transmission to the newborn is significantly higher (25-50%) if the mother contracts the infection for the first time in the late stages of pregnancy (third trimester), as the fetus has not yet developed sufficient antibodies to fight the virus. Conversely, if the mother was infected with Herpes before pregnancy, the risk of transmission to the baby is very low (less than 1%). Neonatal herpes is a rare but extremely serious condition that can lead to dangerous complications such as brain damage, meningitis, pneumonia, seizures, blindness, deafness, or even death for the newborn. Neonatal herpes is a rare but extremely serious complication that can cause disability or death for newborns. This highlights the paramount importance of Herpes screening in pregnant women and close management during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. To prevent neonatal herpes, pregnant women with a history of Genital Herpes should receive prophylactic antiviral therapy with Acyclovir from the 36th week of pregnancy until delivery to reduce the risk of active viral recurrence. If prodromal symptoms or active Herpes lesions are present at the time of labor, an elective Cesarean section should be performed to minimize the risk of transmission to the infant.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"74_Psychosocial_Impact\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"102\">7.4. Psychosocial Impact<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"103\">In addition to physical symptoms, Genital Herpes also causes a significant psychosocial burden for the patient. Sufferers may face social stigma, feelings of anxiety, stress, and negative impacts on sexual relationships. Stress has been proven to be a common trigger for Herpes outbreaks. The psychological and social impact of Herpes, including stigma and stress, is an often-overlooked but very important aspect. Therefore, Herpes management is not just medical treatment but also psychological support and education to reduce stigma, encourage open communication, and help patients live positively with their condition. Providing information on support resources and encouraging open communication can help patients better cope with their condition, which is especially important for target groups who may face more social pressure.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Prevention_of_Genital_Herpes_and_Advice_for_Living_with_the_Condition\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"104\">8. Prevention of Genital Herpes and Advice for Living with the Condition<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"105\">Preventing Genital Herpes requires a combination of strategies, and living with the disease requires a comprehensive approach that includes both medical and psychological aspects.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstNewlineWrapper appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3659\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3659\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3659 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20200506_084406_003587_rop_sinh_duc_2_max_1800x1800_jpg_26fff5bb41.jpg\" alt=\"ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba herpes sinh d\u1ee5c (HSV)\" width=\"500\" height=\"322\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20200506_084406_003587_rop_sinh_duc_2_max_1800x1800_jpg_26fff5bb41.jpg 500w, https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20200506_084406_003587_rop_sinh_duc_2_max_1800x1800_jpg_26fff5bb41-300x193.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3659\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"59\">Safe sexual intercourse is the best way to prevent Genital Herpes<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"81_Effective_Prevention_Measures\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"106\">8.1. Effective Prevention Measures<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"107\">Abstinence from Sexual Intercourse:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"108\">\u00a0The only way to completely avoid STIs is to not engage in vaginal, anal, or oral sexual intercourse.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"109\">Long-Term Monogamy:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"110\">\u00a0Maintaining a long-term monogamous relationship with a partner who is not infected with Herpes is an effective prevention measure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"111\">Correct and Consistent Condom Use:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"112\">\u00a0Male latex condoms can significantly reduce the risk of HSV-2 transmission from male to female, but they do not eliminate the risk completely. This is because the virus can be transmitted through skin areas not covered by the condom. Clarifying that condoms\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"113\">reduce<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"114\">\u00a0rather than\u00a0<\/span><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"115\">completely eliminate<\/span><\/i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"116\">\u00a0the risk of transmission is crucial to avoid creating a false sense of security. This leads to the need for a combination of prevention strategies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"117\">Avoid Sexual Contact During Symptoms:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"118\">\u00a0Do not engage in sexual contact (vaginal, anal, oral) when you or your partner have Herpes symptoms (e.g., sores, blisters, tingling sensation).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"119\">Partner Takes Daily Antiviral Medication:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"120\">\u00a0If your partner has Herpes, their daily use of antiviral medication (suppressive therapy) can significantly reduce the risk of transmission to you. This provides a more comprehensive and realistic prevention strategy, especially important for target groups with a high frequency of sexual contact.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"121\">Intimate Area Hygiene:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"122\">\u00a0Washing the intimate area before and after sexual intercourse does not prevent Herpes transmission.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"123\">Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP):<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"124\">\u00a0Some studies show that PrEP with TDF\/FTC (HIV prophylactic drug) can reduce the risk of HSV-2 infection in HIV-negative individuals, but it is not effective in preventing HSV-2 infection in HIV-infected individuals.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"82_The_Importance_of_Counseling_and_Support\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"125\">8.2. The Importance of Counseling and Support<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"126\">Counseling is an indispensable part of Genital Herpes management. Patients need to be counseled about the natural history of the disease, the risk of sexual and perinatal transmission, and risk reduction methods. Disclosing one&#8217;s status to current and future partners is crucial for making safe and responsible decisions together. Psychological counseling and support are extremely important for people living with Herpes, especially the target groups. The psychological burden, stigma, and anxiety about transmission can severely affect the quality of life. Providing information on support resources and encouraging open communication can help patients better cope with their condition. This suggests that providing only medical information is insufficient; patients need support to cope with stigma, anxiety, and relationship issues.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"83_Safe_Living_and_Minimizing_Transmission_Risk\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"127\">8.3. Safe Living and Minimizing Transmission Risk<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"128\">With the right medication, an open and honest approach, and good knowledge about the virus, people living with Genital Herpes can still maintain a healthy sexual life and live like anyone else.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"129\">Adherence to Treatment:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"130\">\u00a0Adhering to prophylactic antiviral treatment can help significantly reduce the frequency of outbreaks and the risk of transmission.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"131\">Stress Management:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"132\">\u00a0Implementing stress-reduction measures in life is very important, as stress can be a trigger for outbreaks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"133\">Regular Health Check-ups:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"134\">\u00a0Regular health check-ups and comprehensive STI screening are necessary to timely detect and manage other health conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Conclusion\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"135\">9. Conclusion<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"136\">Genital Herpes is a common and chronic viral infection caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2. Although there is currently no definitive cure, existing antiviral therapies have proven highly effective in controlling symptoms, reducing the frequency of recurrence, and significantly limiting the risk of transmission. A large percentage of infected individuals have no symptoms or very mild symptoms, leading to unintentional spread in the community. This is especially critical for high-risk groups such as sex workers and MSM, who may face more risk factors and social pressures. The strong link between HSV-2 and HIV, where HSV-2 significantly increases the risk of HIV infection, is a point that needs to be emphasized. Therefore, concurrent HIV testing upon diagnosis of Genital Herpes is an important public health recommendation. Furthermore, the fact that Genital Herpes often co-occurs with other STIs also indicates the importance of a comprehensive STI workup. Regarding fertility, Genital Herpes may reduce sperm count in males but has little effect on female fertility. However, the risk of mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, especially if the initial infection occurs late in pregnancy, is a serious issue that can cause neonatal herpes with dangerous complications. Close management of pregnancy and the indication for Cesarean section when necessary are paramount to protect the newborn. Finally, living with Genital Herpes is not just medical management but also psychological and social support. Reducing stigma, encouraging open communication with partners, and seeking support resources are key factors that help patients maintain a good quality of life. Although there is no vaccine or complete cure yet, ongoing research into new therapies and vaccines offers hope for future advances.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Recommendations\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"137\">Recommendations:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstList\">\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"138\">Raise Awareness:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"139\">\u00a0Enhance public education campaigns, especially targeting high-risk groups (sex workers, MSM), about the transmission routes of Genital Herpes, including transmission through oral sex and asymptomatic viral shedding.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"140\">Encourage Early Screening:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"141\">\u00a0Promote regular testing for high-risk groups, including type-specific serological testing when asymptomatic, and counsel on the importance of early diagnosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"142\">Integrate Health Services:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"143\">\u00a0Ensure that HIV and other STI testing is performed concurrently with Genital Herpes diagnosis to provide comprehensive healthcare services.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"144\">Comprehensive Counseling:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"145\">\u00a0Provide in-depth counseling to patients on treatment options (including suppressive therapy), strategies to minimize the risk of transmission to partners, and how to cope with the psychosocial impact of the disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"146\">Psychosocial Support:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"147\">\u00a0Develop and promote psychological support resources and support groups for people living with Genital Herpes to help them cope with stigma and stress.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\"><strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"148\">Strict Pregnancy Management:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"149\">\u00a0Ensure pregnant women are screened for Genital Herpes and receive appropriate prophylactic therapy from the 36th week of pregnancy, as well as the indication for Cesarean section when active lesions are present at the time of labor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em><i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"215\">This article is written by<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/doi-ngu\/bac-si-do-huu-dat\/\"><b>Dr \u0110\u1ed7 H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea1t.<\/b><\/a> <i><span class=\"appsElementsGenerativeaiAstAnimated\" data-ast-node-id=\"217\">The doctor has many years of in-depth experience in reproductive and sexual health care.<\/span><\/i><\/em><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><b>Reference<\/b><\/em><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. Herpes &#8211; STI Treatment Guidelines &#8211; CDC, https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment-guidelines\/Herpes.htm\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Genital Herpes: A Review | AAFP, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2016\/0601\/p928.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2016\/0601\/p928.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. About Genital Herpes &#8211; CDC, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/Herpes\/about\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/Herpes\/about\/index.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. (PDF) Updates In Diagnosis And Management Of Genital Herpes, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/377366423_Updates_In_Diagnosis_And_Management_Of_Genital_Herpes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/377366423_Updates_In_Diagnosis_And_Management_Of_Genital_Herpes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5. Herpes Simplex Virus: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/clinicalinfo.hiv.gov\/en\/guidelines\/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections\/Herpes-simplex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/clinicalinfo.hiv.gov\/en\/guidelines\/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections\/Herpes-simplex<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6. Herpes Simplex Type 2 &#8211; StatPearls &#8211; NCBI Bookshelf, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554427\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554427\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7. Nhi\u1ec5m virus Herpes simplex (HSV) &#8211; B\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m &#8211; C\u1ea9m nang MSD &#8211; MSD Manuals, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/vi\/professional\/b%E1%BB%87nh-truy%E1%BB%81n-nhi%E1%BB%85m\/vi-r%C3%BAt-Herpes\/nhi%E1%BB%85m-virus-Herpes-simplex-hsv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/vi\/professional\/b%E1%BB%87nh-truy%E1%BB%81n-nhi%E1%BB%85m\/vi-r%C3%BAt-Herpes\/nhi%E1%BB%85m-virus-Herpes-simplex-hsv<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8. Does Herpes Impact Fertility? Infertility Answers &#8211; Dr. Michael Allon, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.infertilityanswers.com\/does-Herpes-impact-fertility\/#:~:text=A%20large%20body%20of%20research,other%20fertility%2Daffecting%20conditions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.infertilityanswers.com\/does-Herpes-impact-fertility\/#:~:text=A%20large%20body%20of%20research,other%20fertility%2Daffecting%20conditions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9. What Is Herpes? Everything You Need to Know About This STI | Kin &#8230;, https:\/\/kinfertility.com.au\/blog\/what-is-genital-Herpes<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Genital Herpes is a common\u00a0sexually transmitted infection (STI)\u00a0affecting millions worldwide. Although it cannot be completely cured, with correct knowledge and effective management methods, people living with the disease can still maintain a healthy life and reduce the risk of transmission. This specialized article provides a comprehensive view of Genital Herpes, from its definition, symptoms, diagnosis, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":3603,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-bulletin"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5075"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5075\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5079,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5075\/revisions\/5079"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5075"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdhealth.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}